Cilt:69 Sayı:04 (2022)
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Item Monkeypox and other zoonotic poxviruses(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat; Other; Other: Poxviruses have caused the most important diseases for humanity for a long time. An important triumph was achieved with the eradication of smallpox, defined by the World Health Organization in 1979. Poxviruses include significant agents that cause important animal diseases that are non-zoonotic and zoonotic. While humanity has been battling COVID-19, a new battle against monkeypox has recently emerged due to an increase in case numbers and the outbreak's global spread. The other points of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak that make it more serious than previous outbreaks are severe clinical outcomes such as encephalitis and death, and also the higher transmission rate, which occurs at approximately 99% in men, especially those who have sex with men. The 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak has focused public and scientific attention on poxviruses and potential bioterrorism risks posed by poxviruses. Therefore, it is aimed at writing a review that compiles information about monkeypox, cowpox, vaccinia, bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox, gray seal pox, and red deerpox virusesItem Efficiacy of ivermectin solution against Hirstiellosis in green iguanas- case report(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Sevim, Kadir; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiInterest in green iguanas (Iguana iguana) as pet animals is increasing day by day. Compared to other pet animals, the diagnosis and treatment methods of reptilian diseases are limited. Considering that these diseases will also concern public health, new research is required. Hirstiellosis is a zoonotic ectoparasitic disease seen in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Recommended therapies are mostly empirical, some of which can be low-impact or toxic. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of ivermectin solution (5 mg/l) in the treatment of hirstiellosis and to provide preliminary data for further studies. Ivermectin solution was found to be effective in the treatment of three iguanas with the aforementioned disease, and no clinical side effects were found in the control examinations made at regular intervals.Item Exploratory laparotomic diagnosis of renal cystic echinococcosis in a domestic cat from Hatay province of Türkiye and its molecular confirmation(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Erdem, İpek; Other; OtherThis case report was prepared to provide information about cystic echinococcosis detected in a twelve years old domestic cat during experimental laparotomy. In the anamnesis, there was a complaint of progressive abdominal swelling. As a result of clinical and radiological examinations, unknown intraabdominal formations were detected. At laparotomy, multiple cysts were detected on the right and left kidneys. Molecular analysis revealed that these cystic structures are larval forms of Echinococcus granulosus. The cysts are often found in the liver and lungs but they can arise less commonly in the brain, kidneys, muscle, bone and heart. Renal cystic echinococcosis is rare and this note describes it, confirmed by molecular analysis in a domestic cat. For this reason, it is thought that this note will contribute to the literature.Item Evaluation of HMF levels in unbranded flower honeys in terms of food safety(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) İçli, Nesrin; Other; Other5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is formed by reducing sugars in honey in acidic environments by the Maillard reaction and is known as a carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic compound. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxic HMF content of unbranded flower honey samples sold under the sun under inappropriate conditions and unsupervised on the highway sides and to make an evaluation in terms of food safety. The quality of the analysis results was guaranteed by participating in an international proficiency test. Analysis was performed on a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) device with Diode Array Detector (DAD) and Refractive Index (RI) detectors- The HMF levels of 5 honey samples were determined to exceed the legal limit (40 mg kg-1 ). It is revealed by the current study that the honey sold on the roadside is not safe in terms of toxic HMF. In addition, 5 samples were not found to comply with the regulation in terms of glucose + fructose content and 2 samples in terms of fructose/glucose ratio. Thus, it has also been determined that these honeys are not reliable in terms of purityItem Molecular diagnosis of neglected infectious agents of heep and attle abortions: the prevalences of Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis and Chlamydophila abortus at a glance(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Yeni, Derya Karataş; Other; OtherBacterial abortive agents such as Brucella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp. cause serious infections that lead to significant economic losses in cattle and sheep breeding. These bacteria can be easily cultured under in vitro laboratory conditions. Abortions caused by intracellular bacteria such as Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) and Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) are less prevalent in abortive cases and the diagnosis of these bacteria, many of which need to cell culture for cultivation and biosafety level-3 laboratory facilities for safe working, can be made by PCR. In this study, it was aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of C. burnetii, C. abortus and F. tularensis agents, which were neglected during the diagnosis of abortions, in cattle and sheep collected from different regions of Türkiye. A total of 395 clinical materials were analyzed via agent-specific commercial Real-Time PCR. As a result, the molecular prevalence of F. tularensis, C. burnetii and C. abortus was determined as 14%, 2.9% and 2.28%, respectively. F. tularensis in cattle clinical samples and C. burnetii in sheep clinical samples were not found. This is the first report that F. tularensis was found as an agent in an abortive material in Türkiye. Although it differs in terms of prevalence, it has been determined that these microorganisms, which are neglected in routine diagnosis, can be spread with aborted materials, especially vaginal discharge, which may pose a risk of transmission.Item Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi(Evaluation of the compatibility between corrosion casts and 3D reconstruction of pig head arterial system on cone beam computed tomography, 2022) Bakıcı, Caner; Other; OtherThis study aimed to compare the corrosion cast models of the porcine head arterial system with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of these cast models. Six heads from sows were simultaneously injected through both carotid arteries with Duracryl Plus for corrosion cast technique and an additional head, also from another one sow head, was filled with saturated lead tetroxide (Pb3O4) in a 10% hot water solution (40°C) of gelatin for CBCT study. Two-dimensional (2D) images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). Subsequently, segmentation and post-processing of these images were performed by using various software programs. The 3D models were found to be compatible with the corrosion cast models. It was observed that osseous structures and arteries were clearly identified on CBCT images. Specimen scan, segmentation, and post segmentation had a duration of 10-15 minutes, 4 hours, and 15 minutes, respectively. The internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, and its main branches were seen well on 3D models. In conclusion, it is considered that 3D models and images can be effectively used in anatomy education, radiological evaluations, pathological and variational investigations.Item Molecular, biochemical, and histopathological effects of long-term low and high-percentage fructose consumption on the liver in rats(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Özkan, Hüseyin; Other; OtherThe aim of this study was to investigate the lipogenic and inflammatory effects of low and high percentage fructose solutions in rats. Wistar albino rats were fed with fructose solutions for 10 weeks. The groups were as follows: Cont (Control), F15 (Fructose 15%), F30 (Fructose 30%), and F60 (Fructose 60%). Rats' body weights were measured weekly. Also, lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression levels, biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver were investigated. After 10 weeks, it was observed that the animals in the F60 were the heaviest, while the animals in the F30 were the lightest. In all experimental groups, triglycerides were significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.05). In F30 and F60, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β were upregulated in the liver compared to control (P<0.05). In addition, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, FAS, ACACA, and SCD-1 were upregulated in all fructose feeding groups compared to Cont (P<0.05). The livers of rats in the F30 and F60 groups had degenerative changes and steatosis. The most detrimental effects of fructose were observed in F60. The concentration of fructose was found to be a very important factor for maintaining normal liver physiology at the molecular level.Item Very cool white LED light improves reproductive performance and up-regulates expression of reproductive genes in layers(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) EL-EMAM, Huda; Other; OtherThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of light color temperature on reproductive performance and the expression pattern of GnRH-1 and FSH β genes in layers. At lay, 165 Fayoumi healthy pullets were separated into well ventilated, environmentally controlled rooms. Birds were allocated into three groups with 55 birds each (5 males and 50 females) till 3 months after laying, representing base generation (F0). Fertile eggs were collected and incubated, and the newly hatched chicks were also divided into three groups from the first day of life till 3 months after laying, representing the first generation (F1). In the two generations, the first group was exposed to cool white LED light (day light) (6500 kelvin); the second group was exposed to very cool white LED light (sky blue light) (10000 kelvin); and the third group was exposed to warm white LED light (yellow light) (2700 kelvin). The expression profiles of GnRH-1 and FSH β genes and the serum level of FSH were evaluated in birds of the two generations. Blue light-exposed groups exhibited better reproductive performance, higher up-regulation of GnRH-1 and FSH β genes and increased FSH levels than those exposed to either the white or yellow light colors. A comparison between F0 and F1 revealed an improved profile for F1 birds. It therefore appears that blue LED light could improve the reproductive status of laying chickens.Item Operative treatment of splint bone fractures in horses(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Sağlam, Mehmet; Other; OtherIn this study; it is aimed to present the operative treatment and results, which are indicated for the continue of their racing life in splint bone fractures which are frequently occurred in race horses. The 2nd and 4th metacarpal (Mc-II and Mc-IV) and metatarsal bones (Mt-II and Mt-IV) of the horse are accessory structures that support the carpus and tarsus. Fractures of these bones in horses are called “splint bone fractures”. Splint bone fractures are relatively common in horses and usually seen in forelimbs. Fractures of the proximal part are rarer and represent 2.7-5% of all splint bone fractures, but challenging to manage. In the present study, 5 cases of splint bone fractures in different horses were evaluated. The distribution of the fractures were Mc-II in three, Mc-IV and Mt-IV in one each. Localization of the fractures were distal 1/3 in 4 and diaphyseal in 1 horse. For the management of these fractures, surgical removal of the fractured fragments were performed under general anaesthesia. Functional limb usage was achieved following the 30th day postoperatively in all cases.Item Presence and virulence characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from fish samples in the Black Sea, Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Gözütok, Eren; Other; OtherListeria monocytogenes, characterized by a high mortality rate in humans, is a bacterium that causes listeriosis and is found in various aquatic products. The aim of this research was to investigate the presence, serotype distribution, virulence factor genes, and antibiotic susceptibility of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from a total of 500 fish samples of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) (n:243) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) (n:257) caught in the Black Sea between the years 2013-2014. Only one (0.2%) L. monocytogenes strain (striped red mullet) was isolated according to the cultural method (EN ISO 11290-1) and confirmed by PCR analysis. The L. monocytogenes strain was identified as serogroup 4b-4d-4e. Furthermore, the strain harboured hlyA, inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, plcB, prfA, mpl, actA, monoA-B, flaA, lip 1-2a, fri, iap, and gtcA genes except the dltA gene. On the other hand, L. monocytogenes strain susceptibility to ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, trimetophrim/sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin G was evaluated with the disc-diffusion method. According to the results, serogroup 4b-4d-4e isolated from striped red mullet was found to be unique to raw fish and susceptible to all tested antibiotics. In addition, it is considered that carrying out this research in different seas and with different fish species would be appropriate for determining the prevalence and virulence characteristics of L. monocytogenes.Item Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from respiratory tract of race horses in Türkiye(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) DİRİ, Mehmet; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiAs with other animal species, one of the most important challenges encountered in race horse breeding is performance and economic losses caused by infectious diseases. Antibiotics are the most important and common drugs used for protection against infectious diseases. Recently with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, serious complications have emerged in terms of human and animal health. For this reason, to determine antibiotic resistance in bacteria, many research studies have been carried out in the world and Türkiye. However, in Türkiye no comprehensive study has yet been conducted on antibiotic resistance in race horses. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to investigate antibacterial susceptibility and resistance in Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. agents identified through isolation from tracheal aspiration fluid samples taken from thoroughbred horses brought to 75. Yıl Hippodrome Hospital. Disk Diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests were used to determine antibacterial susceptibility. Susceptibility profiles of identified strains against some penicillin, cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, rifamycin and carbapenem group antibacterial drugs were determined. Also, it has been determined that 1 Streptococcus spp. and 10 Staphylococcus spp. agents are sensitive to amoxicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam; moderately sensitive to penicillin and amikacin and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin and rifampin.Item Intrahepatic branching of the portal vein in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) and American mink (Neovison vison)(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) HADŽİOMEROVİĆ, Nedžad; Other; OtherThe study aimed to evaluate the comparative anatomy of the liver and intrahepatic branching of the portal vein of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) and the American mink (Neovison vison). Due to their highly valuable fur, minks have expanded their range to many parts of Europe and become available for many biomedical studies. In this study, ten adult minks and five otters were used. The intrahepatic branching of the portal vein was studied by the combined injection and dissection technique. The macroscopic anatomy of the liver revealed that both species have six-lobed livers, although differences in shape, size and some additional fissures were documented. The portal vein, upon entering the liver, divides into the right and left branches. The branching pattern in otters had an additional branch at this level with a caudate process branch. The right branch of the portal vein ramified in the right lateral lobe and the caudate process in the mink livers, while the right branch in the otter livers only distributed functional blood to the right lateral lobe. The larger left portal branch, with its transverse and umbilical parts, ramified in the left liver portion, along with the quadrate, right medial lobe and papillary process.Item Different coding systems for the modeling of lactation milk yields of Awassi sheep(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Atasoy, Fatih; Other; OtherThis study evaluated the feasibility of using different coding systems for categorical variables when using continuous and categorical variables together for the modeling of the lactation milk yield of Awassi sheep. In the study, when all variables were included in the model, and Dummy Coding and Effect Coding methods were used for age, the effects of lactation duration, average daily milk yield, type of birth, and age 5 group were found to be statistically significant in addition to the constant term. When the Deviation Coding method was used for age, the effects of lactation duration and average daily milk yield were found to be statistically significant in addition to the constant term. On the other hand, when Forward and Backward Coding methods were used, the effect of the age 5 group was found to be statistically significant, along with the effects of lactation duration and average daily milk yield. The results of the study indicated that different results can be obtained depending on the various coding systems used. The results also indicated that the choice of coding system affected the interpretation of the obtained coefficients. Therefore, it can be stated that the aims of the researcher in the study should be defined clearly and the proper codding system should be selected according to the variables to be included in the model.Item Effects of dietary melatonin on broiler chicken exposed to continuous lighting during the first two weeks of life(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Relic, Renata; Other; OtherIntensive broiler chicken production involves different lighting regimes, which affects a natural cycle of secretion of melatonin, a hormone included in multiple physiological processes in a bird's body. This research aimed to determine the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation during the first two weeks of broiler chickens' life, bred under constant 24 h lighting, on their health and some hematological, biochemical, and production parameters. The study lasted 6 weeks. Three hundred and twenty 1-day chickens were divided into two groups (control - C and experimental - M), with four replications and 40 chickens in each replica. In the first two weeks (the first phase of the study), a continuous lighting mode 24L: 0D was applied. Group M was receiving a diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg synthetic melatonin only during the first phase. Group C had a diet without melatonin supplementation throughout the whole study. Melatonin addition had a statistically significant effect (P<0.01) on the mean values of body weight and daily weight gain at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th week. The chickens of the experimental group have had a significantly higher value of the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) (P<0.05). The results presented in this paper indicate a direct benefit in stress relief in broilers and a value of the organism's antioxidant system promotion, manifested by improved production performance and fattening efficiency.Item Determination of time dependent antibacterial activities of curcumin, carvacrol and styrax liquidus on Salmonella Enteritidis(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Keyvan, Erhan; Other; OtherSalmonella Enteritidis is amongst the most common causes of foodborne salmonellosis. Multi-drug resistant Salmonella strains has been associated with treatment failures. Plant-derived phytochemicals may be an alternative to antibiotics in combating these bacteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of curcumin, carvacrol and styrax liquidus on S. Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these substances were detected at 1.5, 3, 7.5 and 24 h by broth microdilution method to evaluate their time-dependent antibacterial activities. The findings of the present study showed that MIC values of carvacrol, curcumin and styrax liquids for both S. Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4 were 125.0 μg/mL, 132.5 μg/mL, 31.3 mg/mL for 24 h, respectively. Also, a time-dependent change was observed in the MIC values of curcumin. Carvacrol, curcumin and styrax liquidus can be used to provide antimicrobial effect on S. Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4 in food applications, taking into account the MIC values and contact times.