Cilt:68 Sayı:04 (2021)
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Item Rumen physiology: microorganisms, fermentation and manipulation(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Öztürk, Hakan; Gür, Gürsel; Veteriner FakültesiRuminants are unique mammals that can convert the energy in roughage to edible products for humans. Hence, rumen fermentation has been excessively on the scope of researchers for long years. Advances in rumen fermentation are a vital concern to provide food with good quality for the growing population of man. This review focuses on physiology of rumen fermentation and the recent advances in the field.Item Complete uterine prolapse in a cat(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Binli, Firdevs; Büyükbudak, Fatih; İnan, İpek; Fındık, Murat; Ay, Serhan; Veteriner FakültesiIn this case, it was presented a case of complete uterine prolapse in a cat following a third parturition at the age of 18 months. Upon physical examination complete uterine prolapse was diagnosed due to a mass protruding from the vulva which included both uterine horns. After the invagination and eversion were corrected and the uterus was relocated to its anatomical position, ovariohysterectomy was performed. Sutures were removed ten days after the operation. Following shrinking of uterus by using the hypertonic fluid and repositioning, ovariohysterectomy is a suitable and reliable option for cats with complete uterine prolapse.Item Progressive respiratory distress caused by a laryngeal histiocytic sarcoma in a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) TAULESCU, Marian; SOARE, Teodoru; TOMA, Corina; NEGOESCU, Andrada; MURESAN, Cosmin; LELESCU, Cristina; Veteriner FakültesiHistiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a rare type of malignant disease, characterized by neoplastic proliferation of interstitial dendritic cells (iDCs). In rabbits, there are only two previous reports of HS with pulmonary and cutaneous primary localizations. A 2-year-old, male, European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a clinical history of chronic respiratory distress and progressive weight loss was necropsied. Postmortem examination revealed a gray-white, well-demarcated ovoid mass that deformed the ventral region of the larynx. Similar nodules were identified in both lungs. Histologically, the laryngeal mass and pulmonary nodules were composed of dense sheets of neoplastic histiocytes with marked atypia and multinucleated neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were intensely positive for Iba1, CD1a, and vimentin, occasionally for E-cadherin, and negative for multi-cytokeratin. A diagnosis of laryngeal HS with multiple pulmonary metastases was made. To the authors' knowledge, laryngeal histiocytic tumor has not been previously reported in rabbits.Item Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nonhealing wound in a canary bird (Serinus canaria domestica)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) MAKSIMOVIĆ, Zinka; MAKSIMOVIĆ, Alan; LUTVİKADİC, İsmar; RİFATBEGOVİĆ, Maid; Veteriner FakültesiLittle is known about the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a canary bird (Serinus canaria domestica). Although MRSA in a canary bird was previously reported, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first full description of the isolation and antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA in this pet bird. A swab was taken from the nonhealing wound on the lateral thigh of a four-year-old, caged, housed alone, male canary bird. After the identification of Staphylococcus aureus, the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolate was obtained by the disk diffusion test. According to the resistance to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin, the isolate was identified as MRSA. The mecA gene was confirmed by PCR. The bird was treated by offering drinking water medicated with an injectable enrofloxacin formulation at 200 mg/L over 10 days period. Two weeks after therapy, intensive contraction of the wound was observed with a size reduction. A week later, the complete epithelization of the wound defect was verified. In this study, we could not confirm the source of infection in a canary bird, but we believe that transmission was from wild birds when the cage was putting out in order to allow the bird to sunbathe or more likely via contact with the owner. The results of this study underline the necessity for further investigations on the epidemiological role of canary birds as potential reservoirs of MRSA.Item Examining the morphometric features of bulbus oculi in Van cats by using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Yılmaz, Osman; Durmaz, Fatma; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was conducted to obtain the morphometric and volumetric measurements of bulbus oculi of Van cats, growing around the city of Van in Turkey and named after here, by using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to reveal the biometric differences of these measurement values between the sexes. A total of 16 adult Van cats including 8 females and 8 males were used in the study. The animals were anesthetized with the combination of xylazine and ketamine. The anesthetized animals were scanned by using CT and MRI devices and their images were obtained. Then, the morphometric and volumetric measurements of bulbus oculi were calculated from these images using the software (Syngo CT Software) in the workstation and their statistical analysis was performed. Upon the examination of the morphometric and volumetric analysis results, it was determined that while W (bodyweight) and ACL (Left Anterior Chamber) values were higher in male cats, DVLL (Dorsoventral length of the left lens) value was higher in female cats. These differences between the sexes were statistically significant (P<0.05). The volumetric measurement values of bulbus oculi and lens were determined to be averagely 4.60 ± 0.27 cm3 and 0.67 ± 0.09 cm3, respectively. In conclusion, the statistical differences of biometric values of bulbus oculi between male and female Van cats were determined by using CT and MRI. It is thought that the present study would contribute to the ophthalmological applications and the students receiving anatomy education.Item Decontamination of Salmonella Typhimurium with chitosan and lactic acid on broiler carcasses(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Kaplan, Zeynep; Yurdakul, Ozen; Keyvan, Erhan; Şen, Erdi; Veteriner FakültesiSalmonella Typhimurium is frequently isolated from chicken meat. The main purpose of current study was to analyze the decontamination of S. Typhimurium by using different concentrations of chitosan, lactic acid and chitosan and lactic acid combination on broiler carcasses. S. Typhimurium was inoculated to broiler carcasses at 108 cfu/mL in eight different study groups. Then, contaminated carcasses were treated with 1%, 2% lactic acid and 0.1%, 0.05% chitosan for 5, 10, 15 min. Also, effects of the combination of chitosan and lactic acid (0.05% chitosan- 1% lactic acid, 0.01% chitosan- 1% lactic acid) were analyzed for 5, 10, 15 min. Carcasses samples treated with chitosan and lactic acid were analysed for survival of S. Typhimurium on the 0, 3 and 7 days of storage time. Lactic acid (1%, 2%), combination of chitosan and lactic acid (0.05% chitosan + 1% lactic acid and 0.01% chitosan and 1% lactic acid) were detected to have antimicrobial effect on S. Typhimurium inoculated into carcasses (P<0.05). There is no difference between the working groups in terms of implementation time (P>0.05). According to the study, it was found that the combination of lactic acid and chitosan is the most effective method against S. Typhimurium in poultry carcasses. As a result, it is thought that the decontaminant agents which preferred in the study can be used in various applications in the poultry industry.Item Genomic prediction and association analyses of energy corrected milk yield in dairy cows(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Karacaören, Burak; Veteriner FakültesiEnergy balance plays a critical role in the maintenance of metabolism for producing milk yield (MY) in dairy cows. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in genetic and genomic analyses of MY. In contrast to MY there is much less information about genomic evaluation of energy corrected milk yield (ECMY). The purpose of this paper is to detect associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ECMY and genomic prediction (GP) of ECMY using different genomic models with special reference to underlying genetic architecture of ECMY. In this study we used published data of 773 Holstein cows with phenotypic observations for ECMY and dairy farm information with 62410 SNPs. One interesting finding is that some short chromosomes as such chromosomes 5 (included 28446 SNP) and 29 (included 12776 SNP) had higher effects sizes compared with the rest of the genome. A possible explanation for these results may be related with the existence of major genes at the chromosome 5. The GP results showed that ECYM and residuals of ECYM, had the accuracies from a 10-fold cross validations as 0.6422 and 0.3529 respectively. It was found that ECMY could be used for GP due to moderate accuracies. Taken together, dairy farm effects suggest an impact for accuracies of GP.Item Determination of antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of water and ethanol extracts of propolis(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-21) Sorucu, Ali; Ceylan, Özgür; Veteriner FakültesiQuorum Sensing is a special system between bacteria to communicate with the signal molecules. Propolis is a resin collected from plants by honey bees. The present study examined anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of water and ethanol extracts of propolis. The antimicrobial activities of the propolis extracts were studied against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Gram (-), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Streptococcus mutans CNCTC 8/77, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Gram (+), Candida albicans ATCC 10239 (yeast) by the well diffusion method. Anti-quorum sensing activity, violacein inhibition activity, and anti-swarming activity were studied using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and C. violaceum ATCC 112472, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) respectively. Both propolis extracts were detected antibacterial activity against Gram (+) bacteria and Candida albicans. However, antibacterial activity against Gram (-) bacteria were not observed. While the antimicrobial activity of water extract propolis was determined more effectively than ethanol extract, anti-quorum sensing and anti-swarming activities less effective. It was also detected that both extracts display violacein inhibition. It was revealed that the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-swarming activity depended on the dose of propolis extracts. Thirty-six phenolic compounds were analysed of propolis extract by HPLC-DAD. The amount and presence of phenolic compounds in the ethanol extract were more than the water extract apart from benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, (±) epigallocatechin, vitexin, rutin, and trans-chalcone. Consequently, the study put forward that the phenolic compounds of propolis have antibacterial, anti- quorum sensing, violacein inhibition, and anti-swarming activities changing depend on directly the extraction solvent and phenolic compounds.Item Behavioural assessment of three chicken genotypes under free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive housing systems(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-21) AHMAD, Sohail; MAHMUD, Athar; HUSSAİN, Jibran; JAVED, Khalid; USMAN, Muhammad; WAQAS, Muhammad; ZAİD, Muhammad; Veteriner FakültesiThe present study evaluated the effects of housing systems (free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive) on the behaviour of chickens over 10 weeks period (7-16 weeks of age. A total of 360 birds were selected and subjected to different housing systems. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) considered the following: 3 genotypes (RNN, BNN, and NN) × 2 sexes (30 cockerels and 30 pullets = 60 / genotype) × 3 housing systems (free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive) = 18 experimental units with 20 birds per unit = 360 birds. Regarding behavioural response, male birds under the intensive system were more aggressive and showed more sitting and standing behaviour followed by semi-intensive and free-range systems. Jumping, running, walking and wing flapping behaviours were higher in semi-intensive birds followed by free-range and intensive systems. Regarding females, RNN and BNN chicken revealed higher running behaviour than NN. In terms of housing systems, birds reared in the intensive system were more aggressive and showed an increased frequency of sitting and standing behaviours followed by semi-intensive and free-range systems. Birds under the free-range system spent most of their time in feeding and wing flapping followed by semi-intensive and intensive housing systems. Jumping, running, and walking was more pronounced in the semi-intensive system followed by a free-range and intensive system. It was concluded that RNN and BNN chickens expressed more natural behaviours under semi-intensive and free-range systems than NN chickens; hence, crossbred chickens could be reared under such types of environments to achieve their maximum genetic potential.Item Three-dimensional bone modeling of forelimb joints in New Zealand Rabbit: A Micro-Computed Tomography study(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Akgün, Remzi Orkun; Orhan, İsmail Önder; Ekim, Okan; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, it was aimed to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) digital and printed models of healthy forelimb joints using micro-computed tomography (µCT) technique in New Zealand Rabbit, which is frequently preferred in experimental orthopedic studies. Moreover, it was aimed to provide morphometric measurements on the shoulder and elbow joints over 3D digital models. A total of 14 adults (7 female, 7 male) New Zealand Rabbits were used in the study. After imaging the forelimbs with the µCT device, 3D digital and printed models were obtained. Biometric measurements of shoulder and elbow joints were performed over 3D digital models and the data obtained from female and male rabbits were evaluated statistically. The anatomical structure on the 3D joint models was very detailed due to the low section thickness and high detector quality. 3D printed models produced as a result of the 3D printing process were quite durable, odorless, and clean. No anatomical differences were observed between 3D printed models and 3D digital models. In this study, it is thought that the anatomical and morphometric data obtained from laboratory rabbits will contribute to scientists take part both in experimental orthopedic intervention and clinical anatomy education.Item Mycobiota of Konya mold-ripened (Kuflu) Tulum cheese and the diversity of Penicillium roqueforti isolates(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Seri, Meryem; Metin, Banu; Veteriner FakültesiKonya Kuflu Tulum cheese is a well-known variety of Turkish mold-ripened cheeses produced by cutting the mature Tulum cheese into pieces to allow the filamentous fungi to grow on its surface in the cool and humid atmosphere in cellars or caves. The aim of the present study was to determine the fungal flora of Kuflu cheese using 54 filamentous fungi and 8 yeasts that were isolated from 26 cheese samples. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing indicated that 53 of the mold isolates were Penicillium roqueforti and 1 was Cladosporium cladosporioides. The yeasts were identified as Pichia membranifaciens, Candida zeylanoides, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Geotrichum candidum. Morphological examination of the P. roqueforti isolates on various media revealed similar phenotypes among all but two isolates; however, (GTG)5 fingerprinting analysis indicated that the isolated P. roqueforti strains were highly similar in all but one case, which displayed a different pattern. To our knowledge, this study represents the first to conduct molecular methods for identification of fungi associated with Konya Kuflu Tulum cheese. In addition, the morphological and genetic diversities of the Turkey-originated P. roqueforti isolates are presented.Item The effects of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) on performance, carcass and meat quality in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Ölmez, Mükremin; Işık, Serpil Adıgüzel; Şahin, Tarkan; Yörük, Mehmet Akif; Veteriner FakültesiThis study investigated the Pennyroyal in terms of its effects on performance and meat quality (color and pH) in Japanese quails in different levels. A total of one day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed to a control and two experimental groups containing three different levels of pennyroyal (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 %). Each experimental group was divided into five repetitive groups with, ten quail chicks in each group. At the end of the experiment, the performance values and meat quality parameters (color and pH) were measured. Significant differences were found between the groups according to the growth performance of the quails (P<0.05). At the end of the study, the body weight and body weight gain of the experimental groups in which 0.1% (P1) and 0.2% (P2) pennyroyal supplemented were found to be higher than the control group. It was observed that the feed consumption increased in the P2 group compared to the control group, and the feed conversion rate decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference was observed in the carcass yield, heart, liver and gizzard weight (P>0.05). The brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and pH values of the breast meat were not affected by the supplementation of pennyroyal (P>0.05). According to the results of the study, the supplemented of pennyroyal by 0.2% was more effective on the performance.Item The short-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on livestock products and feed prices in Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Sarıözkan, Savaş; Akçay, Aytaç; Küçükoflaz, Mehmet; Güngör, Güven; Veteriner FakültesiThis study aimed to investigate changes in the prices of animal products (meat, milk, eggs), and feed before and during the pandemic period on a sectoral basis in Turkey. The material for the study consisted of the prices of animal products (beef, lamb and, poultry meat, eggs, and milk) and feed collected from official institutions and producer associations in the period before (December 2019-February 2020) and during (March-May 2020) the pandemic. Considering the prices of investigated animal products, there were increases at different rates in all products during the pandemic (1.82-11.57%). While the differences between producer prices of beef and broiler meat before and during the pandemic were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), the changes in lamb meat and egg prices were not statistically significant. On the other hand, feed prices were found to be increased by 9.71-12.57%. It was determined that the feed, which is the most critical input of producers, showed a significant increase (P<0.05) during the pandemic, especially in the poultry sector. During the pandemic, the highest reduction in livestock product/feed parity was experienced in the egg sector, with -10.28%. In conclusion, examined animal product prices increased during the pandemic period, but input prices increased more than products. In addition, it was determined that the producers had to produce with lower profitability according to the product-feed parity values, especially in the egg poultry sector during the pandemic period.Item The effects of cage type, oviposition time and egg storage period on the egg quality characteristics of laying hens(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Tabib, Ines; Onbaşılar, E. Ebru; Yalçın, Suzan; Veteriner FakültesiEgg has valuable nutrients however; these nutrients may be affected by many factors. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of cage type, oviposition time and egg storage period on egg quality characteristics of laying hens. A total of 410 eggs were collected from unenriched and enriched cages in the morning and in the afternoon. After the eggs were weighed, they were stored at 21oC and 20% relative humidity until the 30th day of storage. It was determined that unenriched cage eggs had higher in shell breaking strength, albumen ash and pH & lipid of yolk and lower egg weight loss, yolk index & yolk color compared with enriched cage eggs. Morning eggs had the highest egg weight loss and the lowest egg weight, yolk height and yolk diameter. Dry matter & protein of albumen and dry matter & lipid of yolk were lower, while protein of yolk was higher in the morning eggs than those in the afternoon. It was observed that the storage period was important factor for egg quality characteristics. The effect of oviposition time and storage period interaction on egg quality should not be neglected. Interactions between cage type and storage period and between oviposition time and storage period were found statistically significant for some chemical composition of albumen and yolk. It is concluded that A quality egg criteria are preserved up to 14 days at an average temperature of 21°C and 20% humidity.Item The mandibles of the Honamli and Hair goat (Capra hircus); a geometric morphometric study(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-09-27) Demiraslan, Yasin; Özgel, Özcan; Gürbüz, İftar; Kaştan, Özlem; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of the study was to analyze mandible of the Honamli and Hair goats according to the sex factor by geometric morphometric methods. A total of 36 adult goat mandibles including 9 males and 9 females for each breed, were used in the study. After the mandibles were photographed from the left lateral side, 10 homolog landmarks were marked. Generalized Procrustes, Relative Warp, and Principal Component Analysis were performed for the data of landmark coordinates. In the study, the first principal component explained 28.752% and 37.325% of the total shape difference in the Honamli and Hair goat, respectively. In the analysis made among goat breeds according to the sex factor, the first principal component explained 40.809% of the total shape difference in females and 30.486% of the total shape difference in males. Consequently, the Hair goat showed a significant sex difference compared to the Honamli goat. Besides, it was remarkable that male goats clustered clearly compared to female goats in terms of the breed factor.