Cilt:68 Sayı:02 (2021)
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Item Precision livestock farming technologies: Novel direction of information flow(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Tekin, Koray; Dikmen, Begüm Yurdakök; Kanca, Halit; GUATTEO, Raphael; Veteriner FakültesiPrecision livestock farming (PLF) is a digital management system that continuously measures the production, reproduction, health and welfare of animals and environmental impacts of the herd by using information and communication technologies (ICT) and controls all stages of the production process. In conventional livestock management, decisions are mostly based on the appraisal, judgment, and experience of the farmer, veterinarian, and workers. The increasing demand for production and the number of animals makes it difficult for humans to keep track of animals. It is clear that a person is not able to continuously watch the animals 24 hours a day to receive reliable audio-visual data for management. Recent technologies already changed the information flow from animal to human, which helps people to collect reliable information and transform it into an operational decision-making process (eg reproduction management or calving surveillance). Today, livestock farming must combine requirements for a transparent food supply chain, animal welfare, health, and ethics as a traceable-sustainable model by obtaining and processing reliable data using novel technologies. This review provides preliminary information on the advances in ICT for livestock management.Item The role of bio-detection dogs in the prevention and diagnosis of infectious diseases: A systematic review(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Demirbaş, Yasemin Salgırlı; Veteriner FakültesiInfectious diseases have been lately considered as one of the most important global risks, which negatively impact not only the health but also the socioeconomic conditions of countries. Globalization influences the spread of infectious diseases as a result of increased travelling and interaction in humans. Thus, it is highly important to prevent and diagnose new infectious diseases by using accurate and quick diagnostic methods. Bio-detection dogs have a great potential to accurately diagnose infectious disease as they have a great ability to sense disease-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originate from infectious agents and/or pathophysiological processes in the human body. The use of these dogs to detect infectious diseases has come to focus in particular after the recent global health crisis due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review discusses the potential use of bio-detection dogs in the prevention and diagnosing of infectious diseases. Moreover, factors affecting the scent of the disease, e.g. VOCs, are tried to be highlighted.Item Acute fipronil intoxication in Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Demir, Onur; Özdemir, Özgen; Koçak, Asiye; Arslan, Zeynel; Sevin, Sedat; Veteriner FakültesiA biocidal product in gel form containing 0.05% fipronil active substance was used for pest control in the habitat of thirteen Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) in a zoo. Following the application, sudden death was observed in three primates. Routine bacteriological, histopathological and toxicological analyses on one cadaver and tissue samples from the cadaver did not produce any pathogenic agent, pesticide and any pathognomonic findings. In an attempt to investigate the presence of known fipronil intoxication biomarkers, fipronil and fipronil sulfone, we applied modified QuEChERS extraction processes on tissue samples and determined the fipronil and fipronil sulfone levels as 27.1-3.5 μg/kg in cutaneous tissue and 13.8-47.2 μg/kg in brain tissue, respectively, by using UHPLC Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. In the light of the anamnesis, necropsy, microbiology and histopathology results, and after evaluating the presence of fipronil-fipronil sulfone in tissues, we considered that the deaths could have resulted from acute fipronil toxicity due to species-specific active substance susceptibility.Item Occurrence of Neophilopterus tricolor (Burmeister, 1838) on a black stork (Ciconia nigra) in the Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Açıcı, Mustafa; Eren, Gökhan; Özkoç, Ömral Ünsal; Öztürk, Mehmet; Bölükbaşı, Cenk Soner; Veteriner FakültesiA dead black stork (Ciconia nigra) was found by an a birdwatcher in the Kızılırmak Delta near Samsun, Turkey and brought to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Ondokuz Mayis University for ectoparasitological examination in December 2019. During the examination, 45 specimens of chewing lice (21 males, 18 females and 6 nymphs) were collected. All of the specimens were identified as Neophilopterus tricolor (Burmeister, 1838) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Neophilopterus tricolor is reported from the black stork (C. nigra) for the first time in Turkey.Item Determination of the reproductive characteristics of Saanen goats using estrus synchronization and the growth performances of kids(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Erdem, Evren; Özbaşer, Fatma Tülin; Atasoy, Fatih; Veteriner FakültesiThis study aimed to determine the reproductive characteristics of Saanen goats of Australian origin using an estrus synchronization program with hormones (MPA and PMSG) in two different mating periods (Period I and Period II) and to investigate the survival rates and growth performances of kids. According to the results of the research, it was determined that pregnancy rate and litter size were higher in the mating period I (87% and 2.16) compared to mating period II (80.5% and 2.03), and it is hypothesized that this situation is related to the length of dry period of the goats. Although the mortality rate (P˂0.001), and body weight (P˂0.05) at birth were affected by kidding season, the survival rate and their body weights of the Saanen-kids at days 30, 60, 90, and 120 were not affected by the kidding season (P>0.05). These results indicate that the kidding season should be an environmental factor to be taken into account when planning the production. In addition to this, it is important to optimize the care and management conditions, especially during the kidding season, due to the high multiple birth types for the estrus synchronization program in Saanen goats.Item Detection of Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06) genotype of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in a layer chicken flock(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Öngör, Hasan; Timurkaan, Necati; Çöven, Fethiye; Karabulut, Burak; Eröksüz, Hatice; Çetinkaya, Burhan; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to determine an infectious bronchitis (IB) infection, caused by an Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06)-like IBV, in a layer chicken flock regularly vaccinated with vaccines containing IBV H120 and 4/91 strains. Mild respiratory symptoms, drop in egg production and soft-shelled eggs and eventually death were observed in a layer chicken flock. Clinical samples from four diseased chickens were examined for the detection and genotyping of IBV by virus isolation, a commercial real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. Both Israel variant 2 (IS-Var2) and 793/B serotypes were detected from samples by rRT-PCR, but sequencing results of a 345 bp part of S1 gene revealed that our IBV isolate, HFT-IBV, was IS/1494/06 (IS-Var2)-like with the 97.7% genetic similarity. These results suggested that immunity against vaccination with a combination of different genotypes (H120 and 4/91) could not be protective for IS-Var2 IBV field infection. In addition, identification of genotypes from the clinical samples, such as swabs and organ samples by commercial rRT-PCR assays failed to find correct IBV genotype responsible for the IB infection, whereas analysis of nucleotide sequencing of S1 gene of IBV as a gold standard test undoubtedly detected causative genotype of the infection. Also, the findings indicated that there is an urgent need for consider genotype- or protectotype-match vaccination strategies in the field to prevent vaccine- and IB-dependent economic losses of the poultry sector and logically protect chickens from IBV infection.Item The effects of different storage conditions and periods on mould-yeast, aflatoxin, E. coli and E. coli O157 in wet sugar beet pulp(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Seven, Pınar Tatlı; Seven, İsmail; Birben, Nurgül; Karakuş, Kerem; Arslan, Aslıhan Sur; Ceylaner, Ahmet; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was designed to determine the effects of storage condition and period on mold-yeast, aflatoxin, E. coli and E. coli O157 in the wet sugar beet pulp (WSBP). For this aim, samples were taken from the first production of WSBP from the sugar factory (Control) and the newly packaged sacks from the packaging company (Packaged Control). Afterwards, additional two samples were taken from WSBP stored as packaged (Packaged) and as surrounded by a nylon cover outside near the barn (Non-packaged) from the predetermined farms with one-month interval. The pH value of the Packaged group was significantly lower than the Non-packaged group at the end of the 1st and 2nd months (P<0.01). The yeast-mold count of Non-packaged and Packaged groups at the end of the 1st and 2nd months was determined to be 4.61, 1.60 and 4.83, 1.26 log10 CFU/g, respectively (P<0.01). However, aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) was not detected in groups. The E. coli was detected as 1.48 (in the 1st month) and 1.53 (in the 2nd month) log10 CFU/g in only Non-packaged group. It was worked for the identification of E. coli O157 from E. coli positive samples of Non-packaged group, but it was not detected. Consequently, it was determined that the use of packaged WSBP was better than the Non-packaged in terms of microbiological analysis.Item The effectiveness of intravaginal progesterone insert in Ovsynch and resynchronization protocols in cyclic and non-cyclic Holstein heifers(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Abay, Murat; Güngör, Örsan; Pancarcı, Şükrü; Veteriner FakültesiIn the present study, it was aimed to compare of resynchronization with used progesterone (P4) releasing intravaginal device (PRID), with modified ovulation synchronization in cyclic and non-cyclic Holstein heifers. Animals were randomly divided into two groups; Group I (GI, n=87) and Group II (GII, n=88). Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) following modified Ovsynch protocol with PRID insertion, was performed to all animals. In GI, used PRID was reinserted to the same animals, 15 days after the first FTAI (day 25) for 12 days. Pregnancies were detected by ultrasound in all groups on day 37. For resynchronization, prostaglandin (PG) F2α was applied to non-pregnant animals on day 37. In GI, following 48 hours from PGF2α injection, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone was administrated, and after 18 hours the second FTAI was performed. No additional treatments were applied to the non-pregnant animals found in GII, and heifers were taken to the routine service program. In both groups, the second pregnancy diagnosis was performed 27 days after inseminations by transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rates (PR) following the first and overall inseminations in cyclic and non-cyclic heifers (GI and GII) were detected as 66.4% and 52.3% (P>0.05); 76.3% and 59.1% (P>0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the usage of PRID in the Ovsynch and resynchronization protocol resulted in higher PRs of non-cyclic heifers than cyclic heifers. Moreover, this study reveals that the initial P4 levels of non-cyclic animals should be used as a determinant for pregnancy success in dairy heifers.Item Investigation of the effectiveness of dehydrated corneal collagen barriers on corneal defects: An experimental rabbit model(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Kurt, Büşra Kibar; Belge, Ali; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagen shield on epithelial wound healing in rabbit eyes. Adult New Zealand Albino rabbits were used in the study. All surgical procedures were carried out under general anesthesia. Superficial keratectomies of 6 mm in diameter were created in 40 eyes of 20 rabbits and they were separated into 3 groups as the control (CN), medical treatment (CA) and collagen barrier (CB) groups. In the CN group, 6 rabbits received 0.9% NaCl drops. In the CA group, 7 rabbits received ciprofloxacin and acetylcysteine. In the CB group, a collagen shield was placed on corneal defect for 72 hours in 7 rabbits. Central corneal thickness was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter. Corneal thickness was determined before and at 72 and 96 hours after surgery. There was a significant increase (CA group: P<0.01, CB group: P<0.001) in corneal thickness at 72 hours. The wound size was evaluated immediately after the surgery, then at 72 and 96 hours. There was a significantly greater healing response in the collagen shield group (P<0.001) compared to the other groups. The earlier wound closure in the CB group may be due to protection and lubrication of the epithelial cells in the margins of the fresh wound. These findings suggest that the collagen shield may be useful when treating corneal surface conditions in which de-epithelialization is a component.Item Effects of dietary supplementation of red ginseng root powder on performance, immune system, caecal microbial population and some blood parameters in broilers(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Yener, Yavuz; Yalçın, Sakine; Çolpan, İrfan; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of the research was to determine the effects of red ginseng root powder on performance, immune system, caecal microbial population and some blood parameters in broilers. A total of 224 daily Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into one control group and three experimental groups each containing 56 chicks. Red ginseng root powder was added to the diets of groups at the level of 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental period was 38 days. There were no differences in growth performance. Addition of 225 mg/kg of the red ginseng root powder increased the relative weight percentages of spleen and gizzard (P<0.05). Ginseng root powder supplementation didn’t affect biochemical parameters and antibody titers in blood serum. The values of haemoglobin, leukocytes, red blood cell distribution width and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in group fed diet supplemented with 225 mg/kg ginseng were increased significantly (P<0.001). The count of Lactobacillus spp. in the caecum (P<0.05) was increased with 75 mg/kg ginseng root powder addition. As a result, improvements were provided in immune organ weight and some hematological parameters with the addition of 225 mg/kg and in Lactobacillus spp. count in caecum with the addition of 75 mg/kg red ginseng root powder to the diets in broilers. Further studies are required to evaluate the bioavailability of the active compounds of red ginseng root powder and to determine the effects of its various doses on performance, immunity, antioxidant potential and intestinal microflora under various stress conditions in poultry.Item Prevalence and molecular diagnosis of Gongylonema pulchrum in cattle and sheep in the Samsun region(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Gürel, Taner; Umur, Şinasi; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was carried out between November-2017 and June-2019 to determine the distribution and molecular characterization of Gongylonema pulchrum in cattle and sheep slaughtered in local abattoirs and slaughtering areas during the feast of sacrifice. In this study, esophagi collected from 380 (358 young and 22 mature) cattle and 848 esophagi from sheep (816 young and 32 old) were examined. Esophagus taken after slaughtering was brought to the laboratory in plastic bag. In the laboratory, all the esophagi were cut open with scissors and all of the materials were examined using a loupe under a light source. Parasites were taken out using eye forceps and placed in 70% ethyl alcohol. Following the primary morphological examination, all the parasites cut into three parts, anterior and posterior parts were used for morphologic identification and mid part was used for molecular identification. Bp BpCoxI-F1 and BpCoxI-R1 primers were used for molecular identification. Only two cows (older than four years) were infected and the infection rate was 0.53%. A total of 27 parasites were identified, 18 were male and 9 were female. Parasites were not found in the examined sheep. All the samples collected from the infected cattle were identified as G. pulchrum after morphological examinations and molecular confirmation and positive bands were detected at 400bp.Item Evaluation of the enrofloxacin excretion in Anatolian buffalo milk(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) İnce, Sinan; Acaröz, Damla Arslan; Gürler, Zeki; Acaröz, Ulaş; Veteriner FakültesiEnrofloxacin (ENR) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in both human medicine and veterinary medicine. In this study, the milk-excretion patterns of ENR and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined up to the 10th milking following the intramuscular administration of ENR (2.5mg/kg of body weight) to lactating dairy buffaloes. The milk of each animal was collected and the concentrations of ENR and CIP were detected in milk by LC-MS/MS. The detection limits of the method were determined for ENR and CIP as 0.35 μg/kg and 0.12 μg/kg, respectively. The highest total mean concentrations of ENR and its metabolite CIP was determined in the second milking after injection as 603 μg/kg. The residue level in all buffalo milk samples was found to be lower than the maximum residue limit (100 μg/kg) at the fifth milking. In addition, the employed method is successfully applied to evaluate the presence of ENR and CIP residue in 50 marketed buffalo milk samples and none of the samples contained these antibiotics. Consequently, the present study provided information on the milk excretion levels of ENR and CIP in Anatolian buffalo milks by an LC-MS/MS method.Item Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Karagöz, Alper; Altıntaş, Levent; Arslantaş, Tutku; Tutun, Hidayet; Koçak, Nadir; Altıntaş, Özlem; Veteriner FakültesiSalmonella spp. is the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens causing human and animal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the molecular typing of 200 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from the patients’ stools between 2016 and 2019 in Turkey. The isolates were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns (21 antimicrobial agents) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method or molecular typing by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling. Although all isolates were susceptible to four antibiotics (suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and trimethoprim), all were resistant to 15 different antibiotics. In the PFGE study performed with XbaI enzyme, all isolates were found to be related to each other according to similarity rates of 85% and above. There were two major clones, clone A and B. Clone A was divided into 6 pulsotypes (A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6) and clone B was divided into 3 pulsotypes (B1-B2-B3). Clone A had 87% similarity and Clone B had 90% similarity. The clustering rate was 86% (172/200). All isolates harboured 1-4 plasmid ranging in size from 2.5 to 57 kb and showed 6 plasmid profiles (P1-P6). All isolates carried the 57 kb plasmid individually or in combination with other plasmids. Most of the isolates 136 (68%) had P2 profile. Our findings indicate that the majority of all isolates were clonally related and had cross contamination problems. In this study, the importance of molecular typing methods in order to take more effective protection and control measures against Salmonella has been demonstrated and proposed to use such methods.Item The morphological characteristics of the Muradiye Dönek pigeon, a native Turkish genetic resource(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Özbaşer, Fatma Tülin; Erdem, Evren; Gürcan, Eser Kemal; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics of Muradiye Dönek pigeon. It is a local animal genetic resource and cultural heritage and has an important place among the genotypes of domestic pigeons in Turkey. The animal material of this study consisted of 100 pigeons (50 females and 50 males) from seven pigeon enterprises. In the study, morphological characteristics were evaluated and morphometric measurements were determined. Body plumage colors of pigeons were determined as black (70%), red (16%) and blue (14%) galaca. In some birds, the yellow beaks and nails may bear black spots, which pigeon breeders refer to as ‘zikir’. The term ‘biyik’ (mustache) is used when black feathers appear among the white feathers on the head, and the term ‘kemer’ (belt) is used when black feathers appear in the tail. The differences between the mean values of body weight and wingspan (P<0.001), chest depth (P<0.05) values were statically significant for age groups, which were reported to affect flight characteristics in birds. As a result, when the morphological characteristics obtained in Muradiye Dönek pigeons are compared with other researchers, it is thought that the selection of these birds were carried out by the breeders in terms of the game behavior such as rotation movement during the diving and landing. Although the data obtained in the study support the hypothesis that Muradiye Dönek pigeons should be defined as a different breed, further studies with DNA analysis are required to confirm this situation.Item Molecular identification using 18S ribosomal RNA of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine minced meat in Van Province, Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-31) Oğuz, Bekir; Değer, Mustafa Serdar; Koşal, Sena; Veteriner FakültesiThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine minced meat that is sold in various grocery stores and butcher shops in Van Province of Turkey. For this purpose a total of 150 samples were obtained from İpekyolu, Tuşba, Edremit, Erciş, and Gevaş districts of Van Province in monthly periods from May to October 2019. 28% (42/150) were found positive for Sarcocystis species as a result of the microscopic analyses and 96.6% (145/150) were found positive for Sarcocystis species as a result of the multiplex-PCR and RFLP methods. Sarcocystis cruzi (96.6%) was detected in all samples that were detected positive using molecular methods. Sarcocystis hominis-like was found in 143 (95%) samples whereas S. hirsuta was detected in only 4 (2.6%) samples. According to the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN) analysis of the 18S rRNA gene region of the S. cruzi (MN832695) and S. hirsuta (MN832697) isolates, they showed 100% similarity to the samples (MH681972; MH681973) that were submitted to GenBank from China. The BLASTN analysis of the 18S rRNA gene region of the S. hominis-like isolate (MN832696) revealed that it was 99.45% identical to the S. bovini (KT901155) isolated from a water buffalo in New Zealand. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. has been provided for the first time in Van Province, and the first unverified scientific data for S. bovini has been established in this study.