Cilt:69 Sayı:02 (2022)
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Item What has been done in the fight against Varroa destructor: from the past to the present(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Sevin, Sedat; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiBees are the major pollinators in natural ecosystems and in the agricultural production of several crops used for human consumption. However, they are exposed to multiple stressors that are causing a serious decline in their population. We highlight a major one among them, the Varroa destructor mite (Varroa) that causes severe impacts on the health of honey bee colonies, transmitting a variety of viruses that can affect the survival ability of individual bees and entire colonies. Diagnosis and mite control methods have been intensively studied in recent decades, with many studies in different areas of knowledge having been conducted. This overview summarizes these studies with a focus on colony defense systems, biological characteristics of the parasite Varroa, diagnostic methods used to establish the infestation level of colonies, and currently used control methods.Item Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Daşkın, Ali; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiIn this case, semen that handled by urethral catheterization was deposited into the deepest point of the vagina of an anesthetized queen. Intravaginal artificial insemination was applied on the 2nd day of onset of the oestrus and only single insemination was performed. Insemination time was determined by behavioural and cytological evaluations. Two healthy kittens were obtained 62 days after insemination. The case has important reports in terms of being the first artificial insemination performance in cats in Turkey, resulted in parturition.Item Simental Irkı Bir Buzağıda Şilognatopalatoşizi Olgusu: Nadir Bir Olgu(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Polat, Eren; Other; OtherBu çalışmanın konusunu, üst dudak ve damağında yarık şikâyeti ile Fırat Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Hastanesi Cerrahi Kliniği’ne getirilen 7 günlük, dişi simental ırkı bir buzağı (7 günlük yaşta, dişi) oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayenede, buzağının solunum güçlüğünün olduğu ve burun deliklerinin normal olarak şekillenmediği tespit edildi. Buzağıya cheilognathopalatoschisis teşhisi konuldu. Nadiren karşılaşılan olgunun tedavisi için buzağıya palatoplasti ve rekonstrüktif cerrahi uygulandı. Yarık olan sert damağın her iki ucu serbestleştirilerek karşılıklı dikildi. Burun deliklerinin ise medial kanatları yara oluşturularak dikilip normal pozisyonuna getirildi. Hasta sahibi ile yapılan görüşmede buzağının beslenmesi sırasında yutma zorluğu bulunduğu öğrenildi. Postoperatif 8. gün buzağının olası yutma refleksinin oluşmamasından dolayı gelişen aspirasyon pnoumonisi sebebiyle öldüğü belirlendi.Item Fecal microbiota transplantation capsule therapy via oral route for combatting atopic dermatitis in dogs(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Ural, Kerem; Other; OtherGiven the role of the interaction between gut microbiome with dermatological diseases, namely “gut-skin axis”, the present author proved that gut restoration should alleviate canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), which was the purpose of the study. A 4-week, open-label, non-controlled case series involved 8 -owned dogs with CAD which had received no previous treatment. Evaluations included Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index version 4 (CADESI-04 scores), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pruritus scores and Polycheck in vitro allergen specific tests. Faecal samples were analysed by dual indexing one-step PCR and 16S rRNA targeted metagenomics for detecting gut microbiota alterations before and after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) capsule treatment twice daily for 4 weeks. All cases were presenting pruritus and all of those dogs showed elevated IgE levels. CADESI scores decreased on days 28 (4-21) compared to day 0 initial values (50-128). Similarly, decreased VAS scores were detected on days 28 (0-2) in contrast to prior values (6-10). Regarding epidermal barrier functioning epidermal hydration (55-100 vs. 4-24) and pH (6.-7.8 vs. 4.2-5.7) values were elevated after FMT treatment in contrast to prior ranges, respectively. Alpha diversity revaled both richness and diversity of gut microbiota were improved for all cases on day 28. Furthermore at the end of trial Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio was 8, the benchmark detected for healthy dogs. The present study supports a potential benefit of FMT capsule treatment against CAD. This safe and tolerant treatment modality directed against CAD shifted the gut microbiome composition towards a healthy state for all 8 dogs enrolled.Item Investigation of the effects of fetal rat kidney-derived mesenchymal stem cells implementation on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in male Sprague–Dawley rats(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Özen, Doğukan; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiThe potential protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on some kidney diseases have been reported. However, the effect of the fetal kidney–derived (FKD)MSCs on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy has not been studied yet. This study aimed to treat rats with doxorubicin-induced kidney injuries by transplantation of –FKD-MSCs. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, doxorubicin nephropathy (Sham), and doxorubicin + MSC treated group. Serum biochemistry analysis was performed at the beginning and the end of the study. Functional changes in kidneys were evaluated by scintigraphy. In the doxorubicin nephropathy group, histopathological findings such as mesangial cell proliferation, tubular cast, and glomerular hypertrophy were observed, whereas in the MSC group these findings were significantly reduced. CD133 and CD24 positive immunoreactions were the most severe and frequently observed in the MSC group. While positive staining was detected in the tubular epithelium, there was no immunostaining observed in the glomerulus. The results showed that both functional and histological improvements were achieved in the MSC group compared to the Sham group. In conclusion, transplantation of fetal kidney - derived MSCs into patients with renal damage is thought to contribute to the healing of the renal tissueItem Explant culture and multilineage differentiation of amniotic membrane derived stem cells(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Akkaya, Özlem Özden; Other; OtherAmniotic membrane derived stem cells (AMSCs) are reported to have a comparatively higher potency than multipotent stem cells. These cells are shown to have low immunogenicity and no teratogenicity. Among various conventional methods of isolation using enzymes, explant culture method is believed to be an easy and cost-effective way to harvest stem cells. The purpose of this study was to isolate AMSCs from amniotic membrane of rats and to characterize them for multilineage differentiation, including generation of neurospheres to use them later in in-vivo experiments. Amniotic membranes were collected from Wistar rats on 17th day of pregnancy. After processing of the tissues, AMSCs were isolated by the explant culture method and continued to grow until 10th passage. The doubling time was estimated and the cells were analyzed for growth curve parameters at passages 5 and 9. The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation studies were carried out from the same cells after 3rd passage. Neurospheres generation from AMSCs was performed using neurogenic induction media. The cells were further assessed for their mesenchymal, haemopoietic, and neurogenic marker expressions by immunofluorescence staining and PCR analysis The study suggests that AMSCs isolated through explant culture are reliable stem cells which could generate neurospheres under proper induction conditions and could be a potential candidate to be used on in-vivo neural degeneration models.Item The effects of adding waste sesame seeds to diets on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat fatty acid composition of Karayaka lambs(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kaya, İsmail; Other; OtherThis study aims to determine the effects of the inclusion of waste sesame seed (WSS) to concentrate feed on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat fatty acid profile of Karayaka lambs. A total of twenty-three lambs were randomly allocated to a control group (11 lambs, with an average live weight of 23.39±0.58 kg) and an experimental group (12 lambs, with an average live weight 23.55±0.41 kg). Also, each of the group was divided into two subgroups according to their gender. The lambs were fed with isonitrogenous (17% CP) and isocaloric (2650 kcal/kg ME) concentrate feeds containing either 0% WSS (control) or 10% WSS (experimental) for 60 days. Final live weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass traits were not affected by diet, although they were higher in males than females (P<0.01). In addition, males presented a higher percentage of C17:1, C18:2 n6, C20:3 n6 (P<0.01), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (P<0.05) than females. In conclusion, the addition of WSS to the lamb diet did not increase the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in meat. However, WSS can be included up to 10% in concentrate feed of lambs during fattening period without negative effects on performance and carcass yield.Item Comparison anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects of extra-virgin olive oil, donepezil and rosmarinic acid on aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s in rat models(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Altıntaş, Levent; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of EVOO, rosmarinic acid and donepezil in Alzheimer's model to be created with AlCl3 in rats. For this reason, administration of 100 mg/kg aluminum chloride (AlC3) for 15 days to Sprague Dawley adult male rats; donepezil, Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and rosmarinic acid were administered to three different groups for 21 days by applying treatment protocols. With this study, we were able to demonstrate that cognitive impairment has been occurred after 15 days of AlCl3 administration by oral gavage and treatment protocols prevented the occurrence of AD pathology histopathologically. We also showed that oxidative damage findings which are positively Congo-red stained cell cytoplasm and impaired cell integrity have been observed in serum and hippocampus. Besides, treatment groups showed better cognitive and motor performance, and there was no damage to the cells in control and treatment groups. In the rotarod motor performance test, a significant increase was observed in the donepezil group compared to the AlCl3 group at speeds of 26 and 30 rpm. In MVM, on the 5th day of the experiment, a significant increase was observed in the donepezil group compared to the AlCl3 group, as they were spending more time in the hidden platform area. These results show that 15 days of aluminum exposure is effective in creating a moderate Alzheimer’s pathology, but further chronic research is necessary to explain the efficiencies of rosmarinic acid and EVOO in treatment.Item Determination of factors affecting competitiveness through technical and economic analyses of dairy cattle enterprises in Balıkesir province(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Cevger, Yavuz; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, technical and economic analysis of dairy cattle enterprises in Balıkesir province were carried out. The factors which affect the competitiveness of enterprises and are important in terms of the continuity of production were determined. The stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample, and the study material was two-year (2017–2018) data obtained from 147 enterprises. In addition to the economic analysis of the data obtained, factors affecting unit profit in enterprises were estimated using the multiple linear regression model. The cost elements in total enterprises in Balıkesir province in 2017–2018 include feed expenses (47.90%-47.29%), livestock depreciation (16.64%-16.13%), labor expenses (13.84%-14.30%), veterinary health expenses (4.03%-4.50%), fuel transportation expenses (3.43%-4.15%), building equipment depreciation (3.37%-3.64%), and other expense items. A distinct difference was observed between scales in terms of profit and loss states of the enterprises in the study, with an increase in the profitability level from small toward large scale enterprise. The small-scale enterprises, in particular, are at a loss. The most important determinant of competitiveness in the study is the region’s development level, where the enterprises are established in the borders of Balıkesir province. Additionally, among the technical parameters, the calving interval and the reduction of the disease rate have a positive effect on the competitiveness of the enterprises. Therefore, improving the financial structure of the enterprises and boosting the rate of technology utilization while simultaneously increasing enterprise scales will contribute positively to competitiveness.Item Effects of calving year, season, and age on some lactation traits of Anatolian buffaloes reared at farmer conditions in Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Küçükersan, Seher; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some environmental factors like calving year, season, buffalo cow age and village on some milk yield traits of Anatolian buffaloes, such as daily milk yield for lactation length (MYLL), total lactation milk yield (TLMY), lactation length (LL), and daily milk yield for calving interval (MYCI). 1838 milk yield records obtained from 851 Anatolian buffaloes reared under different environmental conditions from 2015 through 2019 within the scope of the Bartın Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project were assessed. The least square means and standard errors for MYLL, TLMY, LL, and MYCI were 4.07 0.02 kg, 1078.6 7.54 kg, 263.83 1.16 days, and 2.75 0.03 kg, respectively. As a result of the study, the effects of village, calving year and age (P<0.001) and calving season (P<0.05) on MYLL; village, calving year and age (P<0.001) on TLMY; village, calving year and age (P<0.001) and calving season (P<0.05) on MYCI; calving age, village (P<0.001) and calving year (P<0.05) on LL were found statistically significant. Moreover, high positive phenotypic correlations between TLMY and MYLL (r = 0.78, P<0.001) and LL and TLMY (r = 0.67, P<0.001) were estimated. The results revealed that milk production traits might be improved by considering calving season and age in breeding studies and stud-selection programs in Anatolian buffaloes. Besides, it will remarkably contribute to the number of limited studies that have focused on this breed.Item The evaluation of the therapeutic potential of hesperetin on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital induced liver injury in rats(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kısaçam, Mehmet Ali; Other; OtherNitrite and amine reactions can occur rapidly and produce nitrosamines, in-vivo. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) are readily inducing liver injury and hesperetin (HES), as a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, have the potential to compensate for their harmful effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of HES were evaluated in DEN and PB mediated liver defect. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into 5 groups (n=10): Control, DEN, DEN+PB, HES, and DEN+PB+HES. 150 mg/kg DEN was applied intraperitoneally to DEN groups. Fifteen days after the DEN application 500ppm of PB was given in drinking water. HES were administered at 50 mg/kg dose orally for 8 weeks. Blood and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Moreover, histologic examination of liver sections and apoptosis were determined with hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL methods, respectively. DEN-PB application was found to increase blood and liver MDA levels and liver CAT activity, oppositely, decreased blood and liver SOD activity, GSH levels, and blood CAT activity. HES was found to have a positive impact on oxidative stress parameters by decreasing liver and blood MDA activity, increasing blood CAT and SOD activity together with liver GSH levels and SOD activity. Whereas DEN and PB application increased all histopathological findings and TUNEL positive cells, HES administration decreased these findings which might be important for the protection of liver cell structure from cell damage. These results suggest that HES administration could be an alternative therapeutic approach to liver damage.Item Ev Yapımı Elma ve Üzüm Sirkelerinin Kimyasal, Antibakteriyel ve Antiradikal Özelliklerinin Araştırılması(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kahraman, Hatice Ahu; Other; OtherBu çalışma, ev yapımı elma ve üzüm sirkelerinin başlıca uçucu bileşikleri, organik asit, fenolik ve mineral içerikleri ile antiradikal ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Üzüm sirkesinin elma sirkesine göre daha yüksek toplam asitlik, organik asit içeriği, toplam fenolik içerik (TPC) ve antiradikal aktiviteye sahip olduğu, aynı zamanda daha düşük minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) değerleri gösterdiği tespit edildi. Üzüm sirkesinde asetik ve tartarik asitler en çok bulunan organik asitti. Elma sirkesinde ise en çok bulunan organik asitler asetik ve süksinik asitlerdi. Her iki sirke çeşidinde de en fazla bulunan fenolik bileşik gallik asitti. Üzüm ve elma sirkelerinin sırasıyla 18 ve 9 adet uçucu bileşik içerdiği belirlendi. Üzüm sirkesinde asetik asit ve asetoin en çok bulunan uçucu bileşikler iken; asetik asit, etil asetat, 2,4,5-trimetil-1,3-dioksolan elma sirkesinde en fazla bulunan uçucu bileşiklerdi. K, Ca ve Na, her iki sirkede en yaygın bulunan mineraller iken; üzüm sirkesinde elma sirkesine kıyasla daha fazla oranda bulundukları tespit edildi. Üzüm sirkesinde test edilen bakterilere karşı MIC değerlerinin % 6.25 olduğu, Minimum bakterisidal konsantrasyon (MBC) değerlerinin % 6.25 ile % 12.50 arasında değiştiği görüldü. Elma sirkesinin test edilen bakterilere karşı MIC değerleri % 12.50 olduğu, MBC değerlerinin ise tüm test bakterileri için % 12.50 ile % 25.00 arasında değiştiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak sirkelerin sahip olduğu antiradikal ve antibakteriyel aktivitelerinin, TPC, organik asit içerikleri ile ilişkili olduğunu düşünülmektedir.Item Effects of replacing grain feed with rumen-protected fat on feedlot performance, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in growing Merino lambs’ diets during the hot season(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Gümüş, Hıdır; Other; OtherIn this study, the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) were evaluated as an energy source for partial replacement of grain feed in the diets of Merino male lambs during the hot season. Fourteen six months old Merino male lambs weighing average of 29.59 kg were randomly allocated into two groups: control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with 30 g/kg RPF. Live weight (LW), dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was then calculated. The ruminal pH, the ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations (NH3-N) value, the molar proportion of volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood serum as well as hematological parameters were determined and protozoa numbers were counted. While the live weight and daily gain of the lambs were not influenced by dietary treatments, DMI was increased with RPF supplementation. The ruminal pH, VFA and ruminal NH3-N concentrations were unchanged, but the protozoa numbers decreased significantly by RPF supplementation (P<0.05). RPF supplementation significantly affected some serum and hematological parameters in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, RPF may be added to concentrate mixture lamb feed at the level of 30 g/kg to enhance the diet energy density without negatively changing the animal’s performance.Item Determination of goat milk cost and assessment of factors affecting the profitability of Saanen goat enterprises in Çanakkale province, Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Gökdai, Arzu; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study is to determine the cost of goat milk in Saanen goat enterprises in Çanakkale province and to examine the factors affecting profitability in enterprises. The material of the study consists of 92 Saanen goat enterprises. The enterprises have been grouped according to their animal density; as 25-75 heads (small-scale), 76-150 heads (medium-scale) and 151 heads and above (large-scale). The findings of the enterprises for 2017 were determined by descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the total profitability of the enterprises. Since feed costs represented 46.22% of total production cost, it was followed by labour costs (27.19%), fuel costs (5.44%) and veterinarian-health service costs (5.19%). The cost of 1 L milk and absolute profit in enterprises was determined as 0.42/0.01 / k g i n s m a l l − s c a l e , 0.41 / 0.02 /kg in medium-scale and 0.38/0.05 $/kg in large-scale enterprises, respectively. It was observed that the share of inputs in enterprises generally decreases as the scale of the enterprise increases and large-scale enterprises were found to be more successful in solving technical, health and economic problems.Item Detection of Clostridium perfringens and determination of enterotoxin genes (cpa and cpe) in traditional turkish chicken doner kebab(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kevenk, Tahsin Onur; Veteriner; Veteriner FakültesiThe demand for the fast-food industry in the world is increasing day by day. In this sense, chicken doner kebab becomes frequently preferred food source in daily life. At the same time, chicken doner kebab is both a good animal origin protein source and a cheaper option. Therefore, it is prepared and consumed in high amounts in Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Clostridium perfringens and its toxin genes in traditional Turkish chicken doner kebabs purchased from restaurants and modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) samples collected from markets. For this purpose, 100 ready-to-cook and 100 ready-to-eat, totally 200 doner samples have been used as material. As a result, the prevalence of C. perfringens has been found 29%, 6% in ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat samples, respectively. The cpa gene was detected in all isolates. However, both cpa and cpe gene was found only in 4% of isolates.