Cilt:69 Sayı:03 (2022)

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Rumen fermentation characteristics of rams fed supplemental boric acid and humic acid diets
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2002) Sızmaz, Özge; Veteriner; Veteriner Fakültesi
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of humic acid and boric acid as feed additives on rumen fermentation parameters in rams. For this purpose, 3 yearling rams were used in this experiment. Rams in each treatment; a control with no supplements (C), 180 ppm boric acid (B) and 5 ml/kg humic acid (H) with 65:35 forage to concentrate ratio. Each experimental period lasted 14 days, with 12 first days of diet adaptation. Totally, the experimental period lasted 42 days. In both time periods (0 and 3h after feeding), there were no significant differences (P>0.05) on rumen pH, ammonia, protozoa count, estimated methane production and volatile fatty acid composition. However, butyric acid concentration tended to be higher in experimental groups (P=0.08) compared with control. As a result of this study, these feed additives did not modify the rumen milieu and showed no negative effect in rams.
Investigation of the effects of Pine and Chestnut Honey on wound healing
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Sevin, Sedat; Veteriner; Veteriner Fakültesi
This study aimed to investigate the effect of creams containing pine and chestnut honey on wound healing in rats. The animals were divided into the following four groups: a control group (A), a group treated with only basic cream ingredients (B), a group treated with pine honey cream (C), and a group treated with chestnut honey cream (D). Full-thickness skin wounds were created on the back of each rat (14 per group) with a 10-mm diameter punch instrument. In each group, skin samples were taken from seven rats on day 7 and from the remaining seven rats on day 14. The effects of the creams on wound healing were assessed by histopathological examination and hydroxyproline assays. The histopathological examination showed that chronic inflammation significantly decreased in group D compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of granulation tissue and granulation tissue/fibroblast maturation in skin samples taken on day 14 were also significantly lower in group D compared to the control group (P<0.05). It was observed that the neovascularization values of skin samples taken on day 7 were lower in group D than in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the difference in hydroxyproline levels between groups B and D was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the cream containing chestnut honey had a positive effect on wound healing.
Investigation of deformed wing virus, black queen cell virus, and acute bee paralysis virus infections in honey bees using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Usta, Ayşegül; Other; Other
Viruses are one of the most potential risk factors that negatively affect the different life stages of honey bees. This study was conducted to determine the presence of infections caused by the deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) in honey bees in the beekeeping regions of Burdur, along with obtaining information about their prevalence in this particular region. In our study, the adult bees were taken from 31 different beehives and comb samples that had different honey bee breeds and were sampled randomly from 15 beekeeping areas within the region. The collected samples were analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the prevalence of DWV, BQCV, and ABPV infections were determined to be 74.19% (23/31), 25.81%, (8/31) and 74.19% (23/31), respectively. In this study, the distribution of positive samples and the rates of multiple infections were determined in the colonies. Of the positive honey bee samples, 12 (%38.71) were detected only for one virus, 9 (%29.03) were positive for two viruses (DWV-ABPV) and 8 (%25.81) were positive for all three viruses. In the present study, the presence of the three bee viruses that caused significant damage to the colonies by multiple infections in the Burdur region was determined with RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of three mentioned bee infections in honey bees in the Burdur region. The revealed epidemiological conditions lead to the conclusion that serious measures are needed to control these infections in this region.
Conventional and molecular identification of Brucella isolates from livestock in Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Gürbilek, Sevil Erdenlig; Other; Other
The main object of the study is to demonstrate that Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR, which is capable of identify all Brucella species including vaccinal strains, is a safe and practical method that is alternative to bacteriological culture methods. Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great socio-economic importance which is endemic in Turkey. In three-year period from 2009 to 2011, a total of 281 Brucella spp. isolates from cattle, sheep and goats were identified and characterized by both conventional biotyping procedures and the PCR based method called Bruce-ladder. Species identification from both phenotypic testing and Bruce-ladder was concordant for all isolates tested. The results showed preferred host pattern in B.abortus isolates. In terms of species identity, it was found that 94% of the isolations derived from cattle were B.abortus and were exclusively biotype 3. B.melitensis biotype 3 and biotype 1 were the prevelant biotypes in sheep and goats. Two isolates from sheep were identified as B.melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strain. Surprisingly, one of the goat isolates was identified as B.abortus S19 vaccine strain. Other interesting observations were the isolation of penicilin-sensitive non vaccine strains of B.abortus and B.melitensis as well as an isolation of an atypical B.abortus biotype 3 strain on the basis of growth inhibition in the presence of basic fuchsin dye. At the end of this study, it was concluded that monitoring Brucella isolates and identify them are indispensable epidemiological tool for brucellosis control
Use of essential oil mixture to improve antioxidant capacity and concentrations of cecum short-chain fatty acids in Turkish domestic geese (Anser anser)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Yıldız, Gültekin; Veteriner Hekimliği; Veteriner Fakültesi
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of essential oil mixture supplemented in drinking water on antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in geese. One hundred eight chicks (which were 3 days old) were randomly allocated to 3 groups and each group was allocated to 6 subgroups. Research groups have been as follows: C (Control; without supplementation); E1 (0.4 ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation) and E2 (0.8 ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation). The duration of the experiment was 13 weeks. In the first 4 weeks of the trial, the animals were fed for the chick period. In the last 9 weeks of the trial, geese were fed in the pasture under the conditions of Kars province. In the 4th week and at the end of the experiment, GSH exhibited a linear response (P=0.008 and P=0.004, respectively). However, MDA, GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT, nitric oxide, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin were not affected. At the end of the experiment, acetic acid, butyric acid, isocaproic acid and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were linearly affected with the gradued level of essential oil mixture. There were no significant differences in propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid and BCFA concentrations. In conclusion, water containing essential oil mixture in geese can be used to improve antioxidant capacity and intestinal health.
Pathologic findings of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with cutaneous cryptococcosis in a Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kheirandish, Reza; Other; Other
A 2-year-old Asian Houbara bustard was presented with a solitary well-defined, firm cutaneous mass on the hock region. Grossly, the mass protruded from the surface was located on the hairless and unpigmented areas of the right hock joint with ulceration and dried hemorrhagic foci. On microscopic examination, ulceration, hemorrhage, as well as hyperkeratosis were observed. Large round, oval to polygonal neoplastic cells extended into the dermis were arranged to form cords, trabeculae, islands or glandular-like structures without keratin pearls. These pseudoglandular structures were composed of pseudolumina containing acantholytic and detached tumor cells. Necrosis of the neoplastic cells was accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells particularly heterophils. Unlike pleomorphic tumor cells, mitosis count was almost frequent. No evidence of other abnormalities and tumor metastasis was found. These gross and microscopic features appeared to be suggestive of a rare histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), acantholytic SCC.
Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice as a short-term water supplement during the peak production cycle in laying hens
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Gültepe, Eyüp Eren; Other; Other
The objective of the study was to explore the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) as a water supplement on performance, egg quality, and blood parameters in laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 72 Babcock laying hens, were divided into three groups, one control and two experiments (n = 24). Each main group consists of 4 subgroups, and each subgroup consists of 6 chickens. PJ was administered in drinking water at 0%, 5%, and 10% to the experimental groups for 4 weeks. Feed was offered to all groups ad libitum. The addition of PJ had no significant effect on performance parameters, Haugh unit, and egg breaking strength. The yolk color of the 5% PJ group was found to be lighter than the control and other experimental groups (P<0.05). The PJ did not affect serum glucose levels, serum lipid profile, liver enzyme levels, serum total protein levels, most of the hematological parameters, and serum Ca:P ratio in the present study, whereas there were linear and quadratic dose responses in AST, ALT, and HDL. Serum total Ca and P levels of 5% PJ supplemented birds were lower than 10% supplemented PJ birds, whereas it was similar to the control for both (P<0.05). Serum IgG levels were lower in both treatment groups than the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, using 5% of PJ as a short-term water supplement have some specific effects on the cholesterol metabolism of laying hens rather than performance and immunity.
Dietary supplementation of protexin and artichoke extract for modulating growth performance and oxidative stress in broilers
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Ghasemian, Seyedeh Ommolbanin; Other; Other
In this study, the effects of Protexin and artichoke extract (AE) were evaluated on the performance and oxidative stress of chickens. Totally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that were fed a basal diet, a diet containing Protexin, AE, and Protexin plus AE all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly and analyzed at 21 and 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentrations of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. Results showed that the weight gain (WG) was significantly higher and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly lower in chickens that received Protexin, or Protexin plus AE, in comparison with chickens that received AE and control chickens (P<0.05). Furthermore, the addition of AE plus Protexin can significantly increase the activity of blood Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant status (TAS) with respect to chickens that were fed Protexin and AE alone. The triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was lower and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher in chickens that received AE or Protexin plus AE, with a comparison of chickens fed Protexin and control chickens (P<0.05). The levels of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) show a significant decrease in chickens that get Protexin plus AE. In conclusion, continuous utilization of Protexin along with artichoke extract in broiler diets can promote growth performance and modulate oxidative stress in broilers.
Effect of probiotic on mast cell density and expression of tryptase, chymase, and TNF-α in the urinary bladder of rats with high cholesterol
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Ertuğrul, Tuğrul; Other; Other
In this study, it was aimed to immunohistochemically evaluate the possible effect of probiotic supplementation on rats fed a high cholesterol diet on mast cell heterogeneity and density in the urinary bladder and on the expression of chymase, tryptase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) cytokine in the urinary bladder. Three groups were formed in the study. For 8 weeks, Group 1 (control group) was fed regular rat diet. Food for Group 2 (feeding +2% cholesterol) (high cholestrol group) was provided for 8 weeks. For the last four weeks, Group 3 (%2 cholesterol + Lactobacillus acidophilus) (probiotic group) was administered L. acidophilus probiotics. Levels of total cholesterol (TC) was measured by using a spectrophotometric autoanalyzer. Serum TC levels were remarkably increased in group 2 compared to the group 1 (P<0.05). TC decreased significantly (P <0.05) in group 3 compared to group 2. The number of mast cells in the control group and the probiotic group were close to each other. Only safranin O (SO) (+) mast cells was increased in the probiotic group. While there was no difference between control and high cholesterol groups, an increase in the number of tryptase mast cells was found in the probiotic group. The number of chymase mast cells declined in the probiotic group compared to control and high cholesterol groups. There was no significant difference in TNF-α immunoreactivity between the three groups. In conclusion, in this study, possible effects of cholesterol and probiotics on mast cell heterogeneity and expression of chymase, tryptase, TNF-α were revealed.
Proliferative and apoptotic evaluations of renal preventive effects of coenzyme Q10 in radioiodine-131 induced renal damage
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Yumuşak, Nihat; Other; Other
The aim of this study was to investigated anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the prevention of radioiodine-131 (RAI) (I131) induced kidney damage. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were separated into equal three groups (n = 8/group): Group 1 (control): untreated group; Group 2 (RAI): 3 mCi/kg RAI oral route; Group 3 (RAI+CoQ10): 3 mCi/kg RAI oral route and intraperitoneally 30 mg/kg/day CoQ10. CoQ10 treatment was started two days before RAI administration and was continued five days once daily after RAI. Pathomorphological parameters of kidneys were measured using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Immunohistochemically; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase 8, caspase 9 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to determine proliferation and apoptosis. With the exception of the control group, varying degrees of inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis were detected in the kidneys of all rats. This histopathological damage was found to be significantly less in CoQ10 group versus RAI group (P<0.05). The all immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that administration of CoQ10 had reduced proliferation and apoptosis (P<0.05). The results of kidney histopathology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that administration of CoQ10 had reduced inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These findings show CoQ10 can play an important role in the radioprotection of kidneys against RAI-induced damage
Comparison of different mathematical functions for fitting growth curves of ascitic and healthy broiler chickens
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Nematzadeh, Ramin; Other; Other
Ascites syndrome (AS) causes major economic losses in commercial meat-type chickens. The objectives of the current study were to select the best non-linear growth curve functions (GCFs) of the ascitic and healthy chickens, and to investigate the association of ascites incidence with the growth pattern. A total of 5584 body weight (BW) records belonging to 823 chickens (381 male and 442 female) from a paternal pure Arian broiler line were used. The birds were categorized into; healthy male and female, ascitic male and female. Five GCFs including Logistic, Gompertz, Lopez, Richards, and Von baretanalffy were fitted to the BW records of all groups, separately. After the estimation of growth curve parameters for all the chicks individually, the effect of sex and health status on the growth curve parameters were assessed. The results revealed that the Richards function is the best for all the groups. Comparison of the growth curves showed that the ascitic chickens reach the inflection point of the curve earlier than their healthy counterparts (P<0.05). The average growth rate of the healthy birds in the rearing period was significantly higher than that of the ascitic birds (P<0.05), thereby suggesting that there is no direct relationship between the rapid growth rate and the incidence of ascites. Therefore, genetic improvement of the used population for both rapid growth rate and reduced ascites incidence may be possible and the utilization of growth curve parameters in the selection index might be beneficial.
Aethina tumida (Small Hive Beetle; SHB) and Tropilaelaps spp. Mite; an emerging threat to Turkey Honey Bees
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Aydın, Levent; Other; Other
Turkey is the second largest honey producer in the world. However, the beekeeping sector, especially the export of honey and honey products, is not supported by income compatible with this asset. The main reasons for this discrepancy are the presence of honey bee diseases (predators) and their residues in honey. Due to the observation of Aethina tumida (small hive beetle; SHB) in Europe (Italy) and Tropilealaps spp. Iran’s border regions close to Turkey, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey has raised its alert level for these two notifiable diseases. Aethina tumida is a fruit insect originally from South Africa and it has later adapted to bee colonies. In the early 2000s, the agent came to North America with imported fruits and caused serious bee losses. SHB, which has spread to 12 countries so far, caused serious economic losses in the countries it entered and could not be eliminated. Tropilaelaps spp. is an ectoparasite that cannot survive for long without honey bee brood it feeds on and needs to survive. Tropilaelaps mite even suppresses Varroa when found in a colony and extinguishes the colony in a short time. It is a fact that these two pests may spread rapidly in Turkey due to the practice of migratory beekeeping and they can cause serious damage to our beekeeping.
Evaluation of acute partial unilateral ureteral obstruction based on the renal venous impedance index in Rabbit: An experimental study
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kaya, Mahir; Other; Other
To investigate the feasibility of the venous impedance index (VII) in the diagnosis of acute partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (APUUO), in this study we aimed to measure and compare changes in intrarenal venous flow and arterial flow. In New Zealand rabbits (n=10) the left ureter was narrowed by ligation. Doppler ultrasonographic (US) examination of the interlobar arteries and veins in both kidneys was performed preoperatively and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after ureteral ligation. Resistive index (RI), RI difference (RIΔ) and the RI ratio (RIr), and the VII difference (VIIΔ) were calculated from RI and VII obtained from the obstructive and nonobstructive kidneys. The RI and VII were postoperatively compared between the left and right kidneys. Although the mean RI for obstructive kidneys was higher than those for nonobstructive kidneys, the difference was only statistically significant at 3 and 24 h (P=0.007, and P=0.049, respectively). In all postoperative measurement times, RIΔ was ≥0.08 and RIr was ≥1.169, and the mean VII values were significantly lower in the obstructive kidneys than the nonobstructive kidneys (P≤0.002), and the VIIΔ was equal to or greather than 0.159. The venous flow was more affected than arterial flow in the obstructive kidney. The renal RI alone was insufficient as a diagnostic criterion. The renal VIIΔ ≥0.16 can be enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of in APUUO if used as a combination of the RIΔ≥0.08 and RIr≥1.1.
Effects of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anesthesia and their reversal by atipamezole on ocular parameters and monitored anesthesia care in cats
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Kibar, Murat; Other; Other
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the general anesthetic drug ketamine and premedication agents medetomidine and xylazine, and their reversal by atipamezole, on monitored anesthesia care values and ocular parameters such as intraocular pressure, horizontal pupillar diameter, and Schirmer tear test in cats. A randomized, single-blinded study was conducted. Twenty intact female cats (weiging between 2.2 and 3.6 kg, and 0.5 to 5.5 years of age) referred for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) procedure by the owners at regular intervals over 4 months were included in the study. The cats were randomly divided into two groups containing 10 animals in each group. The cats were premedicated with medetomidine 80 µg/kg intramuscular in group 1 while the cats in the 2nd group were premedicated with xylazine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg intramuscular. After the OHE procedure was ended, anesthesia regimes were reversed by using atipamezole 200 µg/kg intramuscularly. Monitoring of respiration rate, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, and body temperature were conducted using a patient monitor at T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 time points. Both groups showed declines in intraocular pressure and increases in horizontal pupil diameter after anesthesia induction (T0 vs. T1, all, P<0.05); however, the chancing and recovery pattern of intraocular pressure and horizontal pupil diameter showed intergroup difference. In conclusion, xylazine/ketamine is more effective than medetomidine/ketamine in attenuating the intraocular pressure, increasing the horizontal pupil diameter, and alteration the monitored anesthesia care response in the general anesthesia.
An evaluation of the efficiency of beekeeping enterprises in Turkey: The case of Mersin City
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Uysal, Osman; Other; Other
Beekeeping contributes significantly to both beekeeping enterprises and the country's economy, as it provides jobs, income, and nutrition for the rural population of developing countries. Mersin City is an essential region for beekeeping, both in terms of honey production and migratory beekeeping in Turkey. In this study, the efficiency of beekeeping enterprises was revealed, and the factors causing inefficiency were examined. The efficiency measure of enterprises was determined using data envelopment analysis (DEA). According to the findings obtained, beekeeping enterprises' technical efficiency, allocation efficiency, and economic efficiency were calculated as 0.89, 0.84, and 0.81, respectively. The economic efficiency score showed that inefficient enterprises could effectively reduce their production costs by 19%. When the factors causing inefficiency are examined, it is revealed that income per hive, subsidy rate, and credit use have adverse effects on efficiency, education level, experience, number of honey frames used per hive, and migratory beekeeping effects. According to the results, it is thought that increasing education and extension activities, improving marketing opportunities, legal regulations in using agricultural credits, and extending consultancy services can also help to increase economic efficiency in the research field.

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