Browsing by Author "Kabak, Murat"
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Item An investigation on the renal portal system in long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-12-25) Sizer, Sedef Selviler; Kabak, Murat; Onuk, Burcu; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was carried out for the morphological examination of renal portal system in the long-legged buzzard. A total of nine adult long-legged buzzards were used in the study. The latex procedure was performed for the macroanatomic detection of the vessels forming the renal portal system. Dissections were performed under the stereomicroscope and later photographs were taken. The renal portal system vessels formed by the cranial renal portal vein and caudal renal portal vein in the long-legged buzzard. Afferent renal branches were separated from these vessels and efferent renal branches were observed to join renal veins. The anastomosis of the left cranial renal portal vein and right cranial renal portal vein was not observed at the cranial side, besides the presence of interiliac anastomosis was determined between the right internal iliac vein and left internal iliac vein at the caudal side. The findings of the renal portal system of long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) were generally similar to those noted in other birds.Item Asymmetric conjoined twins: Gnathopagus parasiticus(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-09-01) Kabak, Yonca Betil; Kabak, Murat; Özak, Ahmet; Sözmen, Mahmut; İnal, Sinem; Güvenç, Tolga; Gülbahar, Mustafa Yavuz; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, a rare case of asymmetric conjoined twins that were connected to each other by their mandibles is described. There was an amorphous mass in between mandibles of the newborn calf. Radiological examination revealed that the amorphous mass consisted of a structure similar to the mandible and skull. According to the findings, the present anomaly was asymmetric conjoined twins connected to each other by mandibles and named as gnathopagus parasiticus. Gnathopagus parasiticus case has not been reported in the literature previously.Item Köpek, koyun ve kobayda mandibula, articulatio temporomandibularis ve çiğneme kaslarının anatomisi(Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2000) Kabak, Murat; Hazıroğlu, MerihMemelilerde, farklı üç takımın üyesi ve farklı beslenme şekillerine sahip olan köpek (carnivora), koyun (herbivora) ve kobayın (rodentia) mandibula, art. temporomandibularis ve çiğneme kaslarının anatomisi incelendi. Farklı beslenen bu hayvanlarda; morfolojik farklılıkların ortaya konmasının yanısıra, çiğneme unsurlarıyla ilgili kapsamlı incelemenin bulunmayışı, çalışmanın amacını oluşturdu. Araştırmada 10 Alman çoban köpeği, 10 Akkaraman koyunu ve 10 kobay başında çalışıldı. Eklem ve discus articularis'in histolojik olarak incelenmesi için her türden 4 adet baş kullanılmıştır. Kemiksel bulgular için köpek, koyun ve kobayın ikişer başı masere edildi. Diğer başlar çiğneme kasları ve eklemin makroskobik bulguları için kullanıldı. Corpus mandibulae ve ramus mandibulae'den oluşan mandibula' nın, kobayda güçlü şekillendiği görüldü. Kobayın pars molaris'inde belirgin bir crista dikkati çekti. Köpek ve kobayda bulunan processus angularis'in, kobayda uzun ve yassı olduğu tesbit edildi. Eklemin kemiksel yapısını oluşturan caput mandibulae ve fossa mandibularis'in, köpek ve koyunda latero-medial, kobayda anterio- posterior yönde olduğu belirlendi. Articulatio temporomandibularis 'in gevşek bir kapsula ile kuşatıldığı ve eklemin caudal kısmının koyun ve kobayda bağ-yağ dokusu, köpekte ise ligamentum laterale ile, diğer kısımların da çiğneme kasları ile desteklendiği görüldü. Discus articularis ile iki kısma ayrılan eklemde üst eklem boşluğunun daha geniş şekillendiği saptandı. Discus articularis'in tüm hayvanlarda eklem kapsülüne, köpekte ayrıca medial kenarın Glasser yangına bağlandığı görüldü. Discus articularis'in köpekte fıbröz, koyun ve kobayda fibro-kartilaginöz yapıda olduğu saptandı. Her üç hayvanın diskinde rastlanan elastik liflerin, koyunda daha fazla olduğu ve merkezde yoğunlaştığı gözlendi. İncelenen türlerde discus articularis'in kan damarı içerdiği belirlendi. Çiğneme kasları musculus masseter, musculus temporalis, musculus pterygoideus lateralis ve musculus pterygoideus medialis olarak incelendi. Musculus masseter'in, her üç hayvanda da üç kısma; musculus temporalis'in, koyun ve kobayda bir, köpekte iki; musculus pterygoideus lateralis ve musculus pterygoideus medialis'in, köpek ve kobayda bir, koyunda iki kısma ayrıldığı saptandı. Kobayda eklem kapsulasının lateral kısmının tamamını destekleyen bir kas demeti görüldü. İncelenen hayvanlarda musculus pterygoideus lateralis'in discus articularis'e bağlanmadığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, yapılan çalışmayla köpek, koyun ve kobayda mandibula, art.temporomandibularis ve çiğneme kaslarının morfolojik detayları ortaya konmuştur. AbstractIn the present study, mandibula, temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles of the dog (carnivora), the sheep (herbivora) and the guinea pig (rodentia), which are the members of different order and have different nutrition forms, have been investigated. The objective of the study was to establish the morphologic differences in these animals due to the fact that there was no detailed research on the masticatory element. In the study 10 German shepherd dogs, 10 WhiteKaraman sheep and 10 guinea pig were used. Four heads of the each species have been used in order to research the joint and discus articularis histologically. Two heads the each species have been masserated for bones findings. The other heads of the animals in the study, have been used for the macroscopic findings of the masticatory muscles and the joint. It has been observed that the mandibula formed by corpus mandibulae and ramus mandibulae is very more strong in the guinea pig. Also, it has been drawn attention that there is a clear crista on the pars molaris of the guinea pig. The processus angularis, which is existence of both in the dog and the guinea pig, has been shown to be long and flat in the guinea pig. It has been determined that caput mandibulae forms the bone stucture of the joint, is to latero-medial direction in the guinea pig. It has been seen that temporomandibular joint is surrounded by a loose capsula. The caudal part of the joint is supported by adipose and connective tissue in the sheep and guinea and by ligamentum laterale in the dog. As for the other parts of the joint, they are supported by masticatory muscles. It has been established that in the joint divided in two parts by discus articularis, the upper cavum articulare is larger. It has been observed that in all animals discus articularis is connected to the capsula articularis, but also to the Glasser fissure of the medial border in the dog. Discus articularis has found to be in a fibrous structure in the dog and fibro cartilaginous structure in the sheep and the guinea pig. Elastic fibres which are found in each species, were much more and centrally intensified in the sheep. In the species researched it has been determined that discus articularis includes vessels. The masticatory muscles have been investigated as m. masseter, m. temporalis, m. pterygoideus lateralis and m. pterygoideus medialis. It has been seen that m. masseter is divided into three parts in the each species, m. temporalis is divided into two parts in the dog while it is one part in the sheep and the guinea pig. As for m. pterygoideus lateralis and m. pterygoideus medialis, they are consisted of one parts in the dog and the guinea pig and two parts in the sheep. In the guinea pig it has been observed that there is a muscle bundle supporting the all lateral part of the capsula articularis. In the animals investigated, it has been established that m. pterygoideus lateralis is not connected to discus articularis. Consequently, morphologic details of mandibula, temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles in the dog, the sheep and the quinea pig have been produced by the present study.Item The anatomy of cervical sympathetic ganglia in Saanen goats(Ankara : Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2019) Kabak, Murat; Onuk, Burcu; Sizer, Sedef Silviler; Kabak, Yonca Betil; Veteriner Fakültesi: Sympathetic ganglions located in the cervical region are important organs that make the final synapse of the sympathetic nerve fibers reached to the head, neck, and forelimbs. As far as we know, there are not any anatomical data about cervical sympathetic ganglia in Saanen goat. In this study, we determined the nerve branches separated from the ganglia and the location of the ganglia. We also determined the expression of some enzymes and proteins such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in ganglia. Ganglion cervicale craniale (GCC) was on the medial side of bulla tympanica. Mainly branches named as nn. carotici interni, n. jugularis and nn. carotici externi was found to be separated from this ganglion and thin branches joined to the nearby nerve. It was found that n. vertebralis, the two branches that constitute the ansa subclavian, and the thin nerve branches involved in the surrounding tissues and organs separated from ganglion cervicothoracicum (GCT) that located in the first intercostal space. A total of five ganglion cervicale medium (GCM) found at the junction of the two branches forming the ansa subclavia. Another ganglion was not found on where cervical part of truncus sympathicus in all dissections and histological examinations. DβH, TH, NPY and SP were revealed to be express in all ganglia. DβH and NPY in CCG, TH in MCG, DβH, NPY and TH in GCT were found to be more intense staining : Cervical bölgede yer alan sempatik ganglion’lar baş, boyun ve ön ektremite’lere giden sempatik sinir liflerinin son sinaps yaptığı önemli organlardır. Saanen keçisinde servikal sempatik ganglion’lara ait anatomik bilgiye rastlanılmadı. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma ile bahsi geçen ganglion’ların yeri, ganglion’dan ayrılan sinir kolları ve ganglion’lardaki dopamin β-hidroksilaz (DβH), tirozin hidroksilaz (TH), Neuropeptid Y (NYP) ve Substans P (SP) gibi bazı enzim ve protein expresyonu belirlendi. Bulla tympanica’nın medial’inde yer alan ganglion cervicale craniale (GCC)’den başlıca nn. carotici interni, n. jugularis, n. caroticus externus ve çevre sinirlere katılan ince kollar ayrıldığı görüldü. Birinci interkostal aralıkta yer alan ganglion cervicothoracicum (GCT)’dan başlıca n. vertebralis, ansa subclavia’yı oluşturan iki kol ve çevre doku ve organlara katılan ince sinir kollarının ayrıldığı belirlendi. Ansa subclavia’yı oluşturan iki kolun birleşim yerinde toplam 5 adet ganglion cervicale medium (GCM)’a rastlandı. Yapılan tüm diseksiyon ve histolojik incelemelerde truncus symphaticus’un cervical bölümünde başka bir gangliona rastlanmadı. DβH, TH, NPY ve SP’nin tüm ganglion’larda exprese olduğu, GCC’de DβH ve NPY’nin, GCM’da TH’ın, GCT’da DβH, NPY ve TH’ın daha yoğun boyanma gösterdiği belirlendi.