Browsing by Author "Bayrakdar, Mehmet"

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    İbn Haldun'da adalet anlayışı
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008) Ekinci, Ayşe; Bayrakdar, Mehmet; Felsefe
    In this study entitled ?Ibn Khaldun?s Understanding of Justice? we attempted to introduce the idea of justice of Ibn Khaldun who was a great scholar and philosopher of 14th century.In our study we studied understanding of justice of Ibn Khaldun by starting from his works particularly the Muqaddimah. Ibn Khaldun expressed his ideas connected to the meaning contained by justice although he did not deal with justice as a concept. In addition to giving express meaning to justice, connection of his ideas to justice were evaluated under the scope of our thesisThe thesis consists of preamble, two chapters and conclusion.In preamble section, the concept of justice and approaches towards the word justice were introduced. In order to do this, intellectual heritage towards this concept existing prior to Ibn Khaldun was examined.In chapter one, concept of justice around subjects and concepts deliberated by Ibn Khaldun were dealt with. His idea of justice, the importance attached to justice, basic framework of justice understanding, ideas and the context whereby his relation of justice with world of conception was examined.In chapter two, of Ibn Khaldun?s manner of evaluation of justice with respect to moral, social, political and economical angles was emphasized.In Conclusion section, a general evaluation of the study was made.
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    İslam felsefesine giriş
    (Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi, 1988) Bayrakdar, Mehmet; İlahiyat; İlahiyat Fakültesi
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    Mustafa Kamil Mar'aşi'nin hayatı ve eserleri
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006) Gürün, Osman; Bayrakdar, Mehmet; Felsefe
    Gürün, Osman, ? Life and Works of Mustafa Kâm il Mar?aşû?,Prof.Dr. Mehmet Bayrakdar, Ankara University, Institution of Social Seciences,2006, 127 p.This study investigates the opinions of Mustafa Kâm il Mar?aşû, and histhoughts on the social field. The study composes of an introduction, two chaptersand conclusion.In the introduction part, the subject, aim, importance and the method of thestudy are presented. Mus tafa Kâm il Mar?aşû?s life and character areinvestigated and the different characteristic features of him are tried to bepresented . His works in many field are investigated.In the first chapter, it is aimed to present the thoughts of his period and bymentioning the ways affecting his thougts on life and it is also aimed to make himbe understood better.In the second chapter, Mustafa Kâm il Mar?aşû?s religious, literal,philosophical and social thoughts are investigated. Moreover, his point of view onthe social field such as education, civilization and development, language, morals,virtue, government and logic are investigated.
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    Nasîruddin et-Tûsî’nin ahlâk felsefesi
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009) Anar, Gafarov; Bayrakdar, Mehmet
    Tûsî’nin İslâm düşüncesindeki önemi ve belirleyici konumu göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanmış olan “Nasîruddîn et-Tûsî’nin Ahlâk Felsefesi” adlı bu çalışmada Tûsî’nin ahlâk felsefesi onun konuya ilişkin tüm eserlerinden hareketle derli toplu bir şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır.Çalışmada incelenen temel sorunlar, Tûs’inin ilimler tasnifinde ahlâk ilminin nerede yer aldığı, felsefe ile ahlâk arasında ne tür bir ilişki kurulduğu, nefs teorisinin ahlâk felsefesi açısından önemi, ahlâkın değişebilirlik imkanı, ahlâkî terbiyede ve eğitimde ne tür bir yöntem izlenildiği ve bu bağlamda dinin ne gibi rol oynadığı, insanın ihtiyaç duyduğu aile ve toplumun onun yetkinleşmesindeki önemi vs. gibi meselelerdir. Ayrıca Tûsî’nin kendisine kadar süregelen ahlâk düşüncesinden ne ölçüde etkilendiği, İslâm ahlâk düşüncesine orijinal bir katılımının olup olmadığı ve kendisinden sonraki ahlâk düşüncesini etkileyip etkilemediği gibi meseleler de çalışmanın sorunları arasındadır.Çalışmada Tûsî’nin İslâm ahlâk düşüncesindeki yeri ve önemi yukarıda incelenen meselelerden hareketle ortaya konulmaktadır.Çalışmanın temel iddiası, pratik felsefenin İbn Sînâ’da aldığı son şeklinin Tûsî tarafından aynen benimsendiği, yetkinleşme yolunda pratik akılla teorik akıl arasında zorunlu bir ilişkiden bahsetse de Tûsî’nin bu ilişkinin mâhiyetini ortaya koyacak türden açıklamalar yapmadığı, ahlâk felsefesinin temelini oluşturan nefs konusundaki düşüncelerinde Tûsî’nin genellikle İbn Sînâ ve İbn Miskeveyh’i izlediği, bilhassa ahlâk meselelerine getirdiği bazı açıklamaları, mutluluk, adâlet, sevgi, dostluk, ibadetlerin sosyal içeriği gibi konularda İbn Miskeveyh’i ve onun aracılığıyla aynı zamanda Aristo’yu, tıpla-ahlâk ilişkisi konusunda Ebu Bekir er- Râzî’yi, üzüntü ve ölüm korkusu meselelerinde Kindî’yi, aile, eğitim ve siyasete ilişkin görüşlerinde ise İbn Sînâ ile Fârâbî’yi takip ettiği yönündedir. Ayrıca onun gerek seleflerinden tevarüs etmiş olduğu düşüncelerle gerekse de ortaya koyduğu orijinal açıklamalarıyla özellikle Osmanlı ahlâk düşüncesi üzerinde etkili olduğu da bu çalışmanın önemli iddiaları arasındadır.AbsrtactThis thes is called “The Ethical Philosophy of Nasiruddin At-Tusi”, was prepared by taking into consideration Tusi’s importance and his characteristic in the Islamic thought. I try here examine Tusi’s ethical thoughts drawing from his all the ethical works.The main problems that thesis dealt with are that; 1) the place of ethics in the classification of the sciences according to Tusi’s system; 2) the kind of connection between the ethics and the philosophy; 3) the importance of psychology in Tusi’s ethical thought; 4) the possibility of character change; 5) the method that Tusi, used in the ethical teaching and education; 6) importance of religion in ethical teaching; 7) importance of family and society to construct good character and become perfect of human being. Furthermore there is an other issue “was Tusi affected from the ethical thoughts of other Islamic philosophers who had lived before him?” and “had Tusi got the original thoughts are concerned with ethic?” and “did Tusi`s ethical thoughts effect on the thinkers who worked on this issue after him?” Then in this thesis Tusi’s place and his importance in the Islamic ethical thought are being explained by depending on the problems which have been aforementioned.This thesis argues that: The last form of practical philosophy that belongs to Ibn Sina was adopted by Tusi. Despite Tusi spoke in his ethical theory about the necessary connection between the theoretic intelligence and practical intelligence in the context about perfection and purification of the human being, his explanation is not from the specious that explain the reality of this connection which has been mentioned. Generally Tusi followed the thoughts of Kindi and Farabi and Ibn Sina and Ibn Miskawayh while he explained and debated ethical problems to solve. Especially in matter of happiness, justice, love, friendship, social content of worships he adopted İbn Miskawayh’s explanations, and by this intervention was affected from Aristotle; then in the topic of relationship between the medicine and ethics he followed the thoughts of Abu Bakr Ar-Razi; in subjects of sadness and phobia of the death he pursuit Kindi’s way; in the subject of family, ethical teaching and education and in the matter of politics he was influenced by the views of Ibn Sina and Farabi. Furthermore he could put forward some original views in the Islamic ethical thought and he could especially affect on the ethical thought of Ottoman a lot.
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    Nasiruddin Tûsî'nin İbn sinacılığı
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2007) Demirkol, Murat; Bayrakdar, Mehmet; Felsefe
    In this research bearing the name Avicennaism of Nasiruddin Tusi who is the big scholar and philosopher of 13 th century, was tried to introduce how Tusi advocate Ibn Sina?s philosophy againts his opponents and how succesfull he had been in explaining his ideas. In the research critiques and suspects of the Fahreddin Razi, Shahristani and Sadraddin Konevi vas determined and Tusi?s answers against this critiques and suspects was analysed. The research consists of introduction and three part. In the introduction Tusi?s life, his scientific and political career was analyzed and his publications determined. The first part, Source of Tusi?s fame in the world of philosophia actually comes from his annotation named same name with Razi?s annotation which he wrote in aiming to advocate Ibn Sina against Razi?s annotation that he wrote to disprove Ibn Sina?s ideas named Sharh al-Isharat Tusi in Sharh al-Isharat ve al-Tenbihat had explained Ibn Sina? ideas complying with his thinking system, and although he had indicated points which he agreed he had remain silence where he disagreed with Ibn Sina. The second part includes critiques of Shahristani against Ibn Sina and Tusi?s defence against them. In the third part, critiques and evaluation of Sadreddin Konevi. Konevi hadn?t obviously declared that he is against Ibn Sina but he objected against in particular Ibn Sina?s and in general philosopher?s ideas. Discussions made between Konevi and Tusi via mail can be seen as two different interfernce of Ibn Sina than objection and defense.
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    Yahya İbn 'Adi'nin metafizik görüşleri
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2007) Doru, Mehmet Nesim; Bayrakdar, Mehmet; Felsefe
    While Yahya İbn `Adi, the student of Farabi who was one of the Islamic philosophers, was a Assyrian/Yaqubi thinker, he was also an important philosopher of Tenth Century Islamic Thought. In our study we compiled the metaphysical ideas that were collocated disorderly and desultory in his works and analyzed them. In the first chapter of our research, the existence views of our philosopher were considered. Since he did not give place to the ?compulsory existence? thought of Islamic philosophers in his own metaphysical interpretations, İbn `Adi approached the issue of ?One? differently from Islamic philosophers. Although he has got close to definitional monism in his existence views, in reality he exposed a pluralist approach. This proves that he was rather a sensationalist philosopher. In the second chapter of the study, Ibn `Adi?s understanding of God was investigated. In this issue it is seen that our philosopher was a follower of Farabi who was conceiving to compromise religion and philosophy as a basic principle. It has been showed up that he approached to this issue not as a theologian, once being claimed, rather as a philosopher. The attempt of giving an ontological meaning to the qualities of God like bounty, power and wisdom earned originality to his thoughts.In the third chapter, it is examined how İbn `Adi approached the issues of trinity and incarnation which are the important problems of Christian metaphysics. Ibn `Adi explained these thoughts with many analogies. Especially in the issue of incarnation, in his longstanding discussions with Nestorians, his effort to rationalize this thought has been found interesting. However, despite of all his effort, he could not prevent these thoughts from being considered as riddle. At the end of these analyses, it is found that our philosopher has also developed a fideist attitude. In the final chapter of the study, how Ibn `Adi approached the issue of creation is examined. In this issue it is found that our philosopher, different from Aristoteles and Islamic philosophers explaining creation with südur, accepted creating from non-existence. It was showed up that in this issue İbn `Adi also exposed a fideist approach as a result of that his mind was not clear at the point of creation and God-universe. In conclusion, it is emphasized that İbn `Adi should be regarded as a philosopher who has emerged in the most splendid period of Islamic philosophy, attempted to philosophize the Christian/Süryani thought and largely been successful in this attempt.